Reliance Industries Limited

MISCIBLE / IMMISCIBLE GAS EOR

 MISCIBLE / IMMISCIBLE GAS EOR

Miscible Gas EOR Recovery Mechanisms

LPG slug driven by Lean NG
Dry Gas
N2 / Flue Gas
Enriched HC Gas (WAG / SWAG / FAWAG)
CO2 WAG / SWAG / FAWAG
CCS + CO2 WAG / SWAG

Immiscible Gas EOR CO2 vs. Other Gases

CO2 / HC Gas Cyclic Stimulation
GAGD

2
MISCIBLE / IMMISCIBLE GAS EOR STATS

3
Advantages of Different Miscible Processes

4
Limitations of Different Miscible Processes

5
Limitations of Different Miscible Processes

6
WAG Process

7
GAGD Process

8
HC Miscible Flooding

9
Screening Criteria for HC & N2 Miscible EOR

10
Pseudo-Ternary Diagram

11
First Contact Miscible (FCM)

12
MCM via Vaporizing Drive Mechanism

13
MCM via Condensing Drive Mechanism

Laboratory Studies

14
MCM via Combined Drive Mechanism

15
Slime Tube Displacement & RBA

Slime Tube Experiment

RBA

16
 MMP or MME Estimation Methods

MMP or MME Estimation Limiting Tie-Line Method

Single Cell Simulation

Intersecting Tie-Line Method

Multi-Cell Simulation

17
Impact of Dispersion on Miscible Displacement

18
Impact of WAG Ratio

Why WAG Process?

 Improved Areal & Vertical Sweep
 Improved Mobility Control
 Lower cost due to less gas injection
 Improved Displacement Efficiency
 72 field cases show 5-10% increase in recovery

19
Case Study of HCMF - India

20
Recovery Efficiency of HCMF – Canada

21
NORTH SEA HCMF PROJECTS

22
Case Study of HCMF – Magnus, UK, North Sea

Discovered 1974
Magnus 20 slot platform
1979
constructed

First oil 1983

Gas import from West of Shetland 2002

Miscible WAG injection EOR
started

Magnus extension
project added 8 slots 2006

Infill drilling from new 2008

slots

First 5 infill wells 2010

drilled from new slots

23
Gas Supply & Export– Magnus, UK, North Sea

Magnus
Schiehallion Clair
EoS P/L
200 km

Northern Leg
Gas P/L
Crude Oil
WoS P/L Ninian P/L
200 km Sullom Voe
Brent
Foinaven

Flags P/L
Shetland Islands

Gas and LPG Market

24
 Production History– Magnus, UK, North Sea

Water Rate Oil Rate Water Inj Gas Inj

300

200

100

0
1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009
10 yrs Plateau
Gas
First oil Injection
Water
breakthrough

• STOOIP: 1.6 Billion STB First well

from new
• 39°API oil slot

25
 Stratigraphy– Magnus, UK, North Sea
 Late Jurassic
 Sheet-like Turbidite deposition in deep water setting
 ~ 10 m thick sand packages
GR TVDSS ILD RHOB Sequence R
CPI Log 0 200 MD 0.2 200 NPHI Principal Zonation T

2850
Equivalents
Typical Biostrat Control

MSM hu
High NTG MSM G
> 70% MSM F

2900
Upper J64
WAG

Thickness MSM E
~ 150m MSM
MSM C / MSBRZ

2950
B Shale
J60
Lower J63
MSM A
MSM
50m

LKCF 50m 3000

e
LK90
Low NTG
~ 20%
WF

LK80
3050

Thickness J62
~ 100m LKCF
LK60
3100

LK40 J50 J56

ro
base not shown here LK20, LK10 J54/52

26
 WAG contribution– Magnum, UK, North Sea

 Miscible gas with alternating water injection

60
– Driving residual oil saturation below 80%
EOR contribution to Magnus Main Field Oil Production

that achieved undernon-EOR

waterflood
Oil Production
50 EOR contribution New EOR
 Sor (WF) = 25%
EOR Oil Production
producer
40  Sorm = 8% (core flood) 60%

– Sweeping by-passed oil trapped under

30 shale barriers 40%

– Vaporising drive
20

20%
10
 4 active EOR patterns since 2002
0 – WAG injectors converted from WI 0%
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
– 145 bscf gas injected
– 14 mmstb EOR oil produced

 Currently expanding EOR patterns

– Infill drilling
– Dedicated WAG injectors

27
CO2 MISCIBLE EOR

28
CO2 MISCIBLE EOR

29
CO2 EOR SCREENING

30
CO2 EOR FIELD PROJECTS

31
CO2 EOR FIELD PROJECTS (USA)

32
CO2 EOR ADVANTAGES

33
CO2 EOR RECOVERY FACTORS

34
CO2 EOR FIELD CHALLENGES

35
CO2 EOR FIELD CHALLENGES

36
CO2 EOR FIELD PROJECTS

37
CO2 EOR CASE HISTORY - SACROC

38
CO2 EOR CASE HISTORY - WEYBURN

39
CO2 EOR CASE HISTORY – SALT CREEK

40
CO2 EOR CASE HISTORY – MIDALE, CANADA

41
Source: Apache Canada, 2009
CO2 EOR CASE HISTORY – MIDALE, CANADA

42
Source: Apache Canada, 2009
CO2 EOR CASE HISTORY – MIDALE, CANADA

43
Source: Apache Canada, 2009
Thank You