Benzenes

SWBAT: Name and Draw

Benzene Molecules
What is a Benzene Ring?
 Anaromatic hydrocarbon, C6H6,
characterized by a ring of six carbon
atoms, bonded by alternating single and
double bonds.

 Each Carbon is an sp2 hybrid. 3 hybrid

orbitals with one p orbital which alternates
the double bond
How to Draw a Benzene Ring
 There are 4 different ways you can
represent a Benzene ring.

 The circle in the middle indicates the

different bonding possibilities
 When drawing the structure be careful!!
Naming Benzenes
 One or more than two substituent groups:
 Name as a cyclohexene to
start, do not write numbers
for double bonds
 End with benzene instead of
cyclohexene
Practice

1,2-dichlorobenzene

1,3-dichlorobenzene
 Alkyl Group
phenyl hydroxy
 phenyl is a C6H5 alkyl  -OH
group
 Alphabetize with
 Alphabetize with other
other
alkyl/substituent groups
alkyl/substituent
 Alkyl substituent larger
than the ring (7 or more groups
carbons), named as a  Use prefix if there
phenyl-substituted alkane are more than one
attached to the
hydrocarbon chain
Practice

2-phenylhepate

1,4-dihydroxybenzene
Amino Group
 -NH2
 Alphabetize with other alkyl/substituent
groups
 Use prefix if there are more than one
attached to the hydrocarbon chain
Benzenes with special groups
toluene anisole
 Benzene with a  Benzene with a
methyl group methoxy group
 Methyl group is on  Methoxy group is
C#1 on C#1
 End in toluene not  End in anisole not
benzene benzene
Practice

3-chlorotoluene

anisole
Benzenes with special groups
aniline phenol
 Benzene with an  Benzene with a
amino group hydroxyl group
 Amino group is on  Hydroxyl group is
C#1 on C#1
 End in aniline not  End in phenol not
benzene benzene
Practice

2-nitrophenol

3-methylphenol
Practice

2-aminotoluene

1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene
Common Names
Greek Naming
 If only two substituent groups:
 ortho
 meta
 para

 Ifthere are two substituent groups use

o,m,p instead of numbers
 Alphabetize groups
 Then write benzene
Ortho, Meta, Para with Phenol
 If
there are only 2 groups use ortho, meta and
para with toluene, anisole, aniline and phenol

 Reminder…. All names lowercase