Presentation

Skills

Retno Lestari
“Presentation is the ‘Killer Skill’ we take into the
real world. It’s almost an unfair advantage.”
Ethan Rasiel & Paul N. Friga, ‘The McKinsey Mind’
“The biggest problem with
communication is the illusion
that it has been accomplished.”
-George Bernard Shaw
What was wrong
with that?
What is your vision of
the ideal presenter in
our environment?
Self-Assessment

+ Δ
“I always think a great speaker
convinces us not by force of
reasoning but because he is
visibly enjoying the beliefs he
wants us to accept.”
-W.B. Yeats
 Podium Panic
For some people, the
thought of giving a
presentation is more
frightening than falling off a
cliff, financial difficulties,
snakes and even death.
 Dealing with Podium Panic

 Audiences are forgiving

 Nervousness is usually invisible
 Be yourself
 Practice deep breathing/
visualization techniques
 Begin in your comfort zone
Dealing with nerves
 Be prepared
 Plan and rehearse
 See ‘dealing with nerves’ box
 See handy check list
 Deep breathing!
 May sound naff, but it works
 Engage with your audience
 Makes you feel more relaxed
 See ‘engage with your audience’ box
 Check out the room in
advance
 Concentrate on the message
 Begin with a slow, well
prepared intro; have a
confident and clear conclusion
 Be prepared and practice
 Eye Contact
 Never let them out of your sight.
 Looking them in the eye makes them
feel that they are influencing what you
say.
 Eye contact allows the presentation to
approximate conversation—the
audience feels much more involved.
 Body Language
NO-NO’s
 Lean on or grip the podium
 Rock or sway in place
 Stand immobile
 Use a single gesture repeatedly
 Examine or bite your fingernails
 Body Language
NO-NO’s
 Cross your arms in front of your chest
 Use obviously practiced or stilted
gestures
 Chew gum or eat candy
 Click or tap your pen, pencil or pointer
 Body Language
NO-NO’s
 Lean into the microphone
 Shuffle your notes unnecessarily
 Tighten your tie or otherwise play with
your clothing
 Crack your knuckles
 Jangle change or key in your pocket
What makes a talk poor?
 Little/no eye contact
 No engagement with the audience
 Mumbling
 Often because not engaging with audience
 Reading from a paper
 Too fast, monotone
 Little/no structure
 Lack of clarity
 Too much information
 Bad visual aids
 Voice
 Voice Intelligibility
 Articulation
 Voice Variability
 Pronunciation  Rate of speech
 Vocalized  Volume
pauses  Pitch or tone
 Overuse of  Emphasis
stock
expressions
 Substandard
grammar
Steps in Giving Presentation
1. Plan
2. Prepare
3. Practice
4. Present
Questions?

• Who is your audience?

• Why are they there?
• What is your goal?
• How long will it be?
• Where will it take place?
 Preparing Content
3 A’s
 Analyze your AUDIENCE.
 Define what ACTION you want
them to take.
 Arrange your ARGUMENT to move
them.
 Analyze Your Audience
 What are their names, titles,
backgrounds, reasons for attending,
etc…?
 What are their big concerns?
 What are their objectives, fears, hot
buttons, and attitudes?
 Analyze Your Audience
 What is their perception of you
and your institution?
 What are their questions likely to
be?
 What is personally at stake for
them?
 How much detail do they need?
 Define What Action
 What action do you want the
audience to take?
 Define it in terms of the audience.
 What will they feel, believe, and
do after hearing your talk?
 Arranging Your Argument
1. Shake hands with the audience.
2. Get to the point.
3. Present your theme.
4. Tell ‘Em3.
5. Develop your agenda point by
point.
6. Summarize and recommend.
2. Preparation
Speaker’s 3 friends

1. Personal Notes

2. Visuals

3. Handouts
Visual Aids
 Visual Aids
(not the stars of
the show)
Presentation Slide
Design Concepts

•Big
•Simple
•Clear
 Big
•Should be able to read
everything from the back row
•At least 28 pt, preferably 36
 Simple

•No more than 6 lines

•No more than 7 words per
line
 Clear
•Arial or Tahoma
•Blue background with yellow text
•Avoid overuse of red, shadows,
animation and transitions
•Beware of busy backgrounds
 Clear
•Clip art should add to the content
•Use a different background only
to emphasize one slide
 Questions & Answers

“Does anyone have any

questions for my answers?”
-Henry Kissinger
 Questions & Answers
 Beginning of a whole new
interactive presentation
 Opportunity to make a point
 Most presentations are won or
lost here
 Questions & Answers
 Anticipate lines of
questioning  Don’t repeat negative
 Rehearse questions
 Don’t rank questions  Clarify question
 Keep answers brief  Defer to experts
 Be honest  Move your eyes off
questioner
 Avoid negative
words  If negative, end your
response focused on
somebody else
 THE RULE

NEVER argue
with a member of
the audience.
Instead…
 Look at the questioner.
 Remain neutral and attentive.
 Listen to the whole question.
 Pause before you respond.
 Address the questioner, then move your
eyes to others.
 Easy as A B C
“I can’t Answer that
question Because
…, but I Can tell
you…”
3. Practice
Fitness
• Slow to develop
• Quick to disappear

The more you practice:

• better you feel
• more you want to do
Feeling Nervous?

• Lack of experience
• Lack of preparation
• Lack of enthusiasm
• Negative self-talk
Presenting Fitness

• Room
Practice
• Everything
• Technology
Becoming Confident

• Be over-prepared
• Rehearse and practice
• Know your subject
• Use relaxation techniques
• Be positive +++
• Avoid stressors
4. Presenting
The most powerful visual aid

• words
• voice
• body language
Presenting as part of a team
 Plan talk together
 Set responsibilities
 Structure talk
 Intro – sections - conclusion
 Ensure everyone will speak
 Smooth links between speakers
 Someone to introduce talk and
 Introduce next topic & speaker
 Someone to conclude
 Your talk must HANG TOGEGTHER
Make a strong start
Show your passion
• Eye contact
Smile
Dealing with Questions

TRACT technique
1. Thank the questioner
2. Repeat the question
3. Answer the question
4. Check with the questioner if they are
satisfied
5. Thank them again
“Better to keep your
mouth shut and appear
ignorant than open it
and remove all doubt.”
-Mark Twain
“Make sure you have finished
speaking before your audience
has finished listening.”
-Dorothy Sarnoff