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Mist flow
(e) Separator
Annular flow
Churn flow
Bubble flow
(c)
Single Phase flow
(b)
Reservoir (pwf) PR TR (a)
2
Z
∆z
1
θ
Return level
WD WO
Energy of Energy of
fluid entering Heat Heat fluid leaving
taken added
PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
dp g r fm ρm Vm ρm Vm dVm
= m sinθ + +
dL gc 2 gc d gc dL
PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
Mist flow
Vg VL
HL =
Churn flow
VL+ Vg
(d) Slug flow
VL
(c)
Single Phase flow
(b)
PR TR (a)
Reservoir Reservoir (pwf) PR TR (a)
dp g r fm ρm Vm ρm Vm dVm
= m sinθ + +
dLtot gc 2 gc d gc dL
Elevation
Friction
Acceleration
PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
2. Friction 2
fm ρm Vm Psi
2 gc d
• The frictional pressure drop is caused by the
• It depends on:
3. Acceleration
ρm Vm dVm Psi
gc dL
• The acceleration pressure drop is caused by the
µ = fluid viscosity, cp
PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
fm = 64
NRC
If NRC > 2000 flow is Turbulent
Relative Roughness, ε = K
D
Where:-
Fluid 2 Fluid 2
Fluid 2
Extensive contamination
of fluid 1 by fluid 2
but fluid 2
still remain Limited
separate Mixture Mixing
Fluid 1 & 2 zone
Fluid 1
Fluid 1 Fluid 1
0.025
0.0225
0.020
0.0175 0.05
0.04
0.015
0.012
0.011 0.015
0.010 0.01
0.009 0.008
0.008 0.006
0.007 0.004
0.0065
0.006 0.002
0.0055
0.005 0.001
0.0045 0.0008
0.0006
0.004 0.0004
0.0035 0.0002
0.003 0.0001
0.0025 0.00005
0.00225
0.002 2 3 456 8 2 3 456 8 2 3 456 8 2 3 456 8 2 3 456 8
0.00001
103 104 105 106 107 108
DVρ
Reynolds Number, NRe =
µ
PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
dp dp
dp dp dp dp dp dp
dzdz dzdz PEPE dzdz KEKE dzdz F F
dp
dp gg
rrsin sin (and also 144)
dzdzPEPE ggc c
PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
slug
flow
churn
flow Approximate
Depth
linear
temperature
Bubble profile
flow
Single-phase
Oil
p> pBP
oil
PRODUCTION ENGINEERING