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ELECTRIC HEATING

 Electric Heating : Advantages of Electric


Heating – Types of Heating – Resistance Heating
– Temperature Control, Induction Heating –
Induction Furnace – Dielectric Heating – Choice
of Voltage and Frequencies for Dielectric
Heating.
INTRODUCTION:
 Electric heating is any process in which
ELECTRICAL ENERGY is converted to “HEAT
ENERGY”.
 Electric heating works on the principle
of ”JOULE HEATING” (an electric current
through a resistor converts electrical energy into
heat energy.)
PRINCIPLE:
 Electrical heating is based on the principle of that
when electric current passes through a medium
heat is produced.

 Take the case of solid material which has


resistance ‘R’ ohms and current flowing through it
is I amps for ‘t’ seconds, then heat produced in the
material will be H=I²Rt Joules.
DOMESTIC APPLICATIONS
 Room heater
 Immersion heater for water heating

 Geysers

 Electric kettles

 Electric Iron

 Electric oven for baking products

 Electric toasters

 Popcorn

 Coffee Maker
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
 Melting of metals
 Electric welding

 Mouldling of glass for making glass appliances

 Baking of insulator

 Moulding of plastic components

 Heat treatment of pointed surfaces


ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRIC HEATING
 Clean and neat atmosphere / Free from dirt.
 No pollution / No flue gas is produced

 Accurate Controlled temperature can made easily

 Comparatively safe

 Localized application

 Overall efficiency is much higher

 Uniform heating

 Highest efficiency of utilization

 Cheap furnaces
TRANSFER OF HEAT
 Heat always moves from a warmer place to a
cooler place.
 Hot objects in a cooler room will cool to room
temperature.
 Cold objects in a warmer room will heat up to
room temperature.
 Heat transfers in three ways:

 Conduction
 Convection
 Radiation
CONDUCTION
 When a metal strip is heated at one end, the heat
travels to the other end.
 As the metal is heated, the particles vibrate, these
vibrations make the adjacent particles vibrate, and
so on and so on, the vibrations are passed along
the metal and so is the heat. This is called
conduction.

CONVECTION
 This phenomenon takes place in liquid and gas. Heat is
transferred due to actual motion of molecules.
RADIATION
 This phenomenon is confined to surfaces.
 Radiant energy emitted or absorbed is dependent on the
nature of the surface.
TYPES OF ELECTRIC HEATING
RESISTANCE HEATING:
 This method is based upon the I²R loss.
 Whenever current is passed through a resistive
material, heat is produced because of I²R losses.
 Two methods of resistance heating

1. Direct Resistance Heating

2. Indirect Resistance Heating


RESISTANCE HEATING: (CONTD..)
In the first method, the current is passed through the
substances to be heated. This process is being
employed in various general industrial equipment,
Welding, and electrodes for water heating boiler.

In the second method of heating, electric current is


passed through a resistive element and heat thus
produced is conveyed to the substances to be heated by
convection or radiation process. Resistance Oven,
Immersion heaters are applications of this method.

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