PERSPECTIVES ON

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR

APPROACHES TO PSYCHOLOGY

By:
MAY LIA ELFINA - 201710500211026
THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY

• Human beings are SOCIAL CREATURES

• No study of psychology can be complete without considering the social dimensions of
individual behaviour

INTERACT INFLUENCED
INDIVIDUALS
WITH OTHER BY OTHER
INTRODUCTION

Social Psychology • The study of social aspect behavior

Social Behavior • Behaviour which is basically social in orientation – even if only implicitly.

Social Cognition • Mental process --> understanding self/other

Social Interactions • Situations that directly involve other people

Social Influence •The ways that an individual’s behaviour is affected by others.

METHOD OF STUDYING SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

• Uses mathematical models to make predictions

Experiments involving multiple variables

- Clearly explain the - Reactivity

causes and effect - Experimental
- Allows researchers Realism
to control the
situation
ISSUES IN THE STUDY OF SOCIAL
BEHAVIOUR
Proximal
Person–Situation (immediate) vs. Distal
Debate
(indirect) Causes

Influenced by relatively easy to

personal identify / can
characteristics easily verify

By nature/
Influenced by difficult to
Situation identify and
measure
PERSPECTIVES ON AGGRESSION

Defining Methods of Theories of Aggression and The

Aggression Studying Aggression Media
Aggression
 DEFINING AGGRESSION

Playing volleyball and

it’s punched someone?

Hating and then kill

someone?

Aggression: Behavior which causes intentional harm to another person

METHODS OF STUDYING AGGRESSION

Experimental
• Reactive Corelational Study
• Experimental Realism • Do not allow one to draw
clear conclusions about
cause and effect.
THEORIES OF AGGRESSION

The The
The Biological The Cognitive The Humanistic
Behaviourist Psychodynamic
Approach Approach Approach
Approach Approach
THE BIOLOGICAL APPROACH

Depends on analogy
to animal studies
Not all of aggression
have a biological
foundation.

Genetic mechanism
for aggression
Localization of function
THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH

• Not to an internal drive, but to a particular class of voluntary responses, which are
acquired and modi ed by means of reinforcement.

Instrumental
aggression
• aggressive behaviour which is
maintained because it is
positively reinforced
Frustration–Aggression
hypothesis
• the hypothesis states that frustration
always results in aggression, and
aggression only occurs as a result of
frustration
THE COGNITIVE APPROACH

• Cognitive theorists would say one cannot understand aggression without considering
mental processes.

Cognitive neo- General

Imitation Priming Effect association Aggression Model
theory (GAM)
• Focus of cognitive •Any thought or • Violent cognitions • Integration of much
social learning theory memory is can increase the of the existing
capable of potential for any cognitive and
increasing the related behaviours physiological
activation of evidence
associated
thoghts of
memory
THE PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACH

• The aggressive drive was seen as part of the id, the aspect of the mind and personality
which motivates our behaviour, while ego and superego o en oppose the aggressive
impulses of the id

To cope with this conflict – and the aggressive

tendencies – we use defence mechanisms
THE HUMANISTIC APPROACH

• Humanistic theory emphasizes the role of the person, not the situation, in behavior,
including social behavior.