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Classification
of Matter
Solutions are
homogeneous
mixtures
Physical Separation Methods
• Distillation is the
separation of
mixtures by using
the difference in
boiling points of
liquids.
• A water cooled
condenser is used.
Elemental Samples
Heterogeneous means that the mixture is not the same all the way
through. You can see the parts to the mixture.
• Fog
The Tyndall Effect
Colloids scatter
light, making a
beam visible.
Solutions do not
scatter light.
Which glass
contains a colloid?
colloid solution
A physical property of a substance is anything that can
be observed without changing the identity of the
substance. The observations usually consist of some
type of numerical measurement, although sometimes
there is a more qualitative (non-numerical) description of
the property. Here are some of the more common ones:
(2) glucose, mixed with yeast, ferments to make alcohol. Glucose (C6H12O6) is a
chemical compound which enzymes in yeast can use to make ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH).
Not all substances ferment.
(3) trinitrotoluene (TNT) reacts very, very fast when it is ignited. Among other
products, it makes LOTS of nitrogen gas and LOTS of heat. Inside the proper container,
it can cause an explosion. Not all substances can make an explosion.
(1) any phase change. Moving between solid, liquid and gas
involves only the amount of energy in the sample (this amount is
the subject of future lessons). There is no effect on the chemical
identity of the substance. For example, water remains water, no
matter if it solid, liquid or gas.
• Breaking or tearing
Physical Change Examples
• Freezing or melting
Physical Change Examples
• Boiling or condensing
A chemical change means that the reacting substances are
changed into new substances. The actual atoms involved
remain, they are simply rearranged. The rearrangement is called
a chemical reaction. For example: