Braking system

NAMES: MARCELO SANCHEZ, SEBASTIÁN AYALA

SECTION: 852-3V
TEACHER: LUIS HUMBERTO REAMALES
DATE:01/06/2018
 Introduction

 in this presentation we will drive two types of brake systems but we

will focus on the most used system currently disc brakes.
 we will identify its parts and how it has evolved over the years
 The Brake

 this device is used for stop a vehicle by applying frictional forces.

 One of most important control components of vehicle.
 They are required to stop vehicle within smallest possible distance.
 This is done by converting kinetic energy of vehicle into heat energy
which is dissipated into atmosphere.
 Braking devices
 In order to brake the vehicle, it is necessary to absorb the kinetic energy
produced in its displacement. This is done by friction between two pieces of
high coefficient of mobile adhesion, which can be the drums or brake discs,
depending on whether drum brakes or disc brakes are used or the
combination of both in the different wheels.
 The friction between these two elements stops the movement of the wheels
and transforms the energy of movement into heat, which is dissipated to the
atmosphere by the air currents that circulate through them during the
movement of the vehicle.
 Classification of brake types
 Purpose:- From this point of view Brakes are classified as service or primary and
parking or secondry brakes.
 Location:- From this point of view brakes are located at wheels or at
transmission.
 Construction:-From this point of brakes are drum brakes and disc brakes.
 Method of actuation:- This criterion gives following brake type :
 Mechanical Brakes
 Hydraullic Brakes
 Electric Brakes
 Vaccum Brakes
 Air Brakes
 By-wire Brakes
 Creation of drum brakes

 Ransom Eli Olds, an American pioneer in the automotive industry of

the early twentieth century, designs the first drum brake that would
be the basis for the following developments. It consisted of flexible
steel belts that embraced "drums". The drums rotated at the same
time as the wheels and when they were pressed the flexible tapes
they slowed down.
 Such was the success of these brakes that two years later, in 1904,
almost all car manufacturers had incorporated the idea of Olds in
their vehicles.
 Drum brakes

 This type of brake is constituted by a drum, which is the moving

element, mounted on the wheel hub by means of screws or studs
and nuts, from which it receives movement, and a brake plate,
fixed element attached to the bridge or the stub. In this plate are
installed the friction elements, called ferodos, and the drive
mechanisms for the displacement of the shoes.
 Creation of disc brakes

 Frederick Lanchester, English, this is the name of the creator of disc

brakes. His invention made it possible for cars, increasingly powerful,
to brake with greater safety, efficiency, ease and speed. It was used
for the first time in its 12HP car Lanchester engine in 1903.
 This man is considered a pioneer of automotive engineering, his first
knowledge acquired by working and researching on his own
 Disc brakes

 This type of brake adopted in most touring vehicles, has the

advantage over the drum brake that its action is braked is more
energetic, obtaining, therefore, a shorter braking time that results in
a shorter distance of stop. This is due to the fact that friction
elements are mounted to the air, as it has better cooling, the
absorption of energy and transformation into heat can be carried
out more quickly.
 Advantages of the disc brake
before the drum brake

 One of the advantages of disc brakes against drum brakes is that

they do not show the phenomenon of "fading" that usually occurs in
drum brakes. This effect occurs when, by vigorous braking or
successive braking, the drum has no time to evacuate the heat
absorbed in the energy transformation. Under these conditions, the
drum dilates away from the contact surface with the shoes, leaving
the vehicle momentarily without brakes
 Hydraulic Brakes

 The hydraulic brake is an device of braking mechanism which uses brake fluid to transfer pressure
from the controlling unit to the actual brake mechanism of the vehicle.
 Parts of hydaullic brakes:
 Brake Pedal
 Push rod
 Master cylinder assembly
 Brake calliper assembly

ADVANTAGES OF HYDRAULIC BRAKE

 simple in construction :Mechanical joints, linkages & cam are eliminated.
 Equal braking system: the brake fluid must exists equal pressure.
 Disadvantages of Hydraulic Brake
 Fails whole system at one time: if there is leakages in system, all four brakes are fail at one time
due to loss of fluid pressure. This difficulty can be eliminated with use of master cylinder
 System Operation

 as the brake pedal is pressed, a pushrod exerts force on the piston in

the master cylinder.
 This forces fluid through the hydraulic lines toward calipers.
 The brake caliper piston then apply force to the brake pads. This
causes them to be pushed against the spinning rotor, and the
friction between the pads and the rotor causes a braking torque to
be generated, slowing the vehicle.
 Antilock Brake System (ABS)

 Due to excessive braking brakes are locked which causes skidding.

Skidding is avoided by releasing braking pressure just before wheels
are lock up and then reapplying same. This process is calles pressure
modulation. A modern ABS consists of an electronic control unit
(ECU)., one sensor on each wheel,an electrically driven hydraullic
pump and pressure accumlator. is used to store hydraulic fluid to
maintain high pressure in braking system. It is charged with nitrogen
gas. ECU monitors and controls the antilock function when required.
 Conclusion

 The brake system is undoubtedly the most important for safety over
time they have been improving and adding more technologies to
be more and more safe, the drum brakes are already coming out in
low range vehicles but they do maintain brakes of front discs