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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-1 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
MAIN MAP
KW = Knowledge Workers
KW & Roles SDLC = Systems Development Life Cycle
In SDLC
Plan
Analyze
Design
Develop
7 Phases Why Systems
Of SDLC Fail ?
Test
Implement Systems
Maintain Development
Sourcing
In
Prototyping
Self
Out
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-2 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
INTRODUCTION
Why do businesses build information systems ?
How does a business know when it is time to
replace the old information system with a new
one ?
TYPICALLY: Knowledge workers will request
new systems to help them perform their work.
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-3 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
INTRODUCTION
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-4 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Introduction
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-5 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
INTRODUCTION
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-6 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
7 PHASES OF SDLC
KW = Knowledge Workers
KW & Roles SDLC = Systems Development Life Cycle
In SDLC
Plan
Analyze
Design
Develop
7 Phases Why Systems
Of SDLC Fail ?
Test
Implement Systems
Maintain Development
Sourcing
In
Prototyping
Self
Out
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-7 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-8 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Figure 6.2
Important Activities
in the Systems
Development Life
Cycle
page 219
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-9 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 1: Plan
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
Activities
Define the system to be developed.
Set the project scope.
Develop the project plan including tasks, resources,
and timeframes.
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-10 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 1: Plan
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-11 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 1: Plan
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-12 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 1: Plan
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-13 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 1: Plan
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-14 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 1: Plan
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-15 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 2: Analysis
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
Working together
To understand and
Document
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-16 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 2: Analysis
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-17 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 2: Analysis
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-18 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 3: Design
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-19 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 3: Design
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
Technical architecture –
Defines the hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment
required to run the system.
The final architecture must meet you needs in terms of
Time
Cost
Technical feasibility
Flexibility
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-20 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 3: Design
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-21 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 3: Design
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-22 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 3: Design
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-23 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 3: Design
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
Figure 6.3
Graphical User
Interface (GUI)
Screen Design
page 222
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-24 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 4: Development
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
Development phase
Take all of your detailed design documents from the
design phase and transform them into an actual
system.
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-25 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 4: Development
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-26 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 5: Test
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
Testing phase
Verifies that the system works and meets all of the
business requirements defined in the analysis phase.
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-27 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 5: Test
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
Testing is critical
Must have test plans
Write the test conditions.
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-28 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 6: Implement
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
Implementation phase
Bringing the system into life by placing it in the organization
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-29 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 6: Implement
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-30 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 6: Implement
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-31 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 7: Maintain
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
Maintenance phase
It is the final phase of the system
development effort
Monitor and support the new system to
ensure it continues to meet the business
goals.
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-32 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Seven Phases in the SDLC
Phase 7: Maintain
Plan Analysis Design Develop Test Implement Maintain
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-33 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
KW & ROLES IN SDLC
KW = Knowledge Workers
KW & Roles SDLC = Systems Development Life Cycle
In SDLC
Plan
Analyze
Design
Develop
7 Phases Why Systems
Of SDLC Fail ?
Test
Implement Systems
Maintain Development
Sourcing
In
Prototyping
Self
Out
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M
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-34 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Knowledge Workers and Their Roles in the SDLC
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-35 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Knowledge Workers and Their Roles in the SDLC
Plan
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-36 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Knowledge Workers and Their Roles in the SDLC
Analysis
It’s far cheaper to find an error during the planning or analysis phase
than it is to find the same error during the implementation or
maintenance phase.
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-37 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Knowledge Workers and Their Roles in the SDLC
Analysis
Figure 6.5
The Cost of
Finding Errors
page 227
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-38 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Knowledge Workers and Their Roles in the SDLC
Design
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-39 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Knowledge Workers and Their Roles in the SDLC
Develop
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-40 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Knowledge Workers and Their Roles in the SDLC
Test
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-43 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Knowledge Workers and Their Roles in the
SDLC
IT Specialists and Knowledge Workers Working Together
Team Work
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-44 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
WHY SYSTEMS FAIL
KW = Knowledge Workers
KW & Roles SDLC = Systems Development Life Cycle
In SDLC
Plan
Analyze
Design
Develop
7 Phases Why Systems
Of SDLC Fail ?
Test
Implement Systems
Maintain Development
Sourcing
In
Prototyping
Self
Out
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-45 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Why Systems Fail
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-46 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Why Systems Fail
Unclear or Missing Requirements
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-47 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Why Systems Fail
Unclear or Missing Requirements
Missing Requirement?
Forgetting to include into the system the calculation of a student
grade point average
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-48 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Why Systems Fail
Skipping SDLC Phases
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-49 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Why Systems Fail
Failure To Manage Project Scope
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-50 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Why Systems Fail
Failure To Manage Project Plan
Figure 6.6
Sample Project
Plan
page 231
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-51 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Why Systems Fail
Failure To Manage Project Plan
The project plan is the road map you follow during the
development of the system.
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-52 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Why Systems Fail
Changing Technology
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-53 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
SOURCING
KW = Knowledge Workers
KW & Roles SDLC = Systems Development Life Cycle
In SDLC
Plan
Analyze
Design
Develop
7 Phases Why Systems
Of SDLC Fail ?
Test
Implement Systems
Maintain Development
Sourcing
In
Prototyping
Self
Out
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-54 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Insourcing
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-55 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Insourcing
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-56 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Selfsourcing
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-57 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Selfsourcing > The selfsourcing process
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-58 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Selfsourcing > The selfsourcing process
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-59 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Selfsourcing
The Selfsourcing Process
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-61 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Selfsourcing
The Advantages of Selfsourcing
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-62 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Selfsourcing
Potential Pitfalls and Risks of Selfsourcing
Figure 6.8
Major Forms of Outsourcing
Systems Development
page 236
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-64 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Outsourcing
Developing Strategic Partnerships
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-65 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Outsourcing
Developing Strategic Partnerships
Team Work
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-66 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Outsourcing
The Outsourcing Process
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-67 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Outsourcing
The Outsourcing Process
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-70 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Outsourcing
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-71 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Outsourcing
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing
On Your Own
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-72 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
PROTOTYPING
KW = Knowledge Workers
KW & Roles SDLC = Systems Development Life Cycle
In SDLC
Plan
Analyze
Design
Develop
7 Phases Why Systems
Of SDLC Fail ?
Test
Implement Systems
Maintain Development
Sourcing
In
Prototyping
Self
Out
Back Next
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-73 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Prototyping
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-74 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Prototyping
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-75 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Prototyping
The Prototyping Process
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-76 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Prototyping
The Prototyping Process
Figure 6.11
Prototyping Steps for
Insourcing and
Selfsourcing
page 245
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-77 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Prototyping
The Advantages of Prototyping
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-78 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Prototyping
The Disadvantages of Prototyping
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-79 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Closing Case Study One
Some Prototypes Hit, Some Miss, and Some We Are Just Not Sure About
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-80 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Closing Case Study Two
Al’s Barbeque Restaurant
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-81 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Summary
Student Learning Outcomes
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-82 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Summary
Student Learning Outcomes
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-83 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved
Summary
Assignments & Exercises
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Management Information Systems Copyright 2004
for the Information Age The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6-85 Second Canadian Edition All rights reserved