By:

Iir nur choiriya (150210103044)

Icha nanda fransisca (150210103064)
Reny dwi irfiana (150210103071)
 Fossil of the Latin word "fossa" which means
digging out from the ground.
 Fossils are traces of living things that have
been buried or imprinted in layers of rock
that usually consists of hard body parts such
as bones or wood parts of a plant (Abu Nuha
Hanifah, 2012).
 The process of accumulation of the remains
of living things that accumulate in sediments
or deposits that are well preserved
thoroughly, in part or trace only
Macrofosil

Microfosil
 Fossils
that are large enough to be studied
without the use of optical aids.
 Microfossils
are, fossils that can be seen with
the help of microscopes due to their micro
size.
The remains of an organism

Preserved naturally.

In general solid / compact / hard

Being more than 11,000 years old

 Menghitung
Umur Fosil

Relative Absolute
Dating Dating
Technique Technique

Analisis Radiometric Carbon 14

Stratigrafi Biostratigrafi
Fluorin Dating Dating
 Stratigraphy is a branch of
geology, derived from Latin,
Strata (layering, stretching) and
Grafia (describing). So the
definition of stratigraphy is a
science that studies about layers
of rock
 Stratigraphy is knowing the fossil
age by examining from the soil
layer. further down the layer of
soil where the discovery of the
heritage objects, meaning that
the older age so it can be
concluded that the top layer is
the youngest.
 The discovery of two or more fossils in the
same strata rise to the assumption similarity
fossil life time
 Association based upon the discovery of
fossils of other fossils, animal growth is
normally recorded
• Index fossils are fossils used to estimate the absolute age
of the rock layers in which they are found.
• Once the absolute age of an index fossil is known, it can
be used to determine the age of rock layers containing
the same fossil anywhere on Earth.

 To be an index fossil, a fossil must meet certain requirements:

1. Must have a widespread distribution (fossils tend to be limited

to a small region or are found only in a particular depositional
environment as opposed to globally)

2. Must show rapid evolution (fossils change rapidly in preservable

morphology so that distinctive identifiable species are easily
recognized)

3. Must be present in substantial numbers (so that fossils can be

observed by the biostratigrapher)

4. Fossils should be robust mineralogically (so that depositional

and diagenetic processes do not remove the fossils from the
rock record).
 Fossil in the form of horns, teeth, and bones
 Purpose: to verify whether the two fossils
are in the same strata at the site of the
contemporary
 Mechanism: the organic components of
fluorine and nitrogen from bone destruction
by microorganisms that settle in bone
quantities show similarity as much as how
many times
 Radiometric dating, or radioactive dating as
it is sometimes called, is a method used to
date rocks and other objects based on the
known decay rate of radioactive isotopes.
 The age of an object is that each radioactive
isotope decays at its own fixed rate, which is
expressed in terms of its half-life.
 Thenucleus of an atom changes into a new
element
 The proton number (atomic number) must
change
 A neutron changes into a proton

14 14
6 7
1. 1. Carbon-14 is made when cosmic rays knock
neutrons out of atomic nuclei in the upper
atmosphere.
2. 2. The displaced neutrons, now moving fast, hit
ordinary nitrogen (14N) at lower altitudes,
converting it into 14C.
3. 3. Unlike common carbon (C-12), C-14 is
unstable and slowly decays, changing it back to
nitrogen and releasing energy.
4. 4. This instability makes it radioactive.
Kalau misalnya kadar C-14 atmosfer sekarang itu 10-12, dan ada
sampel fosil pohon yang kadar C-14 nya tinggal 10-14, umurnya
berarti:
 the time required for a quantity to fall to half of its
starting value.
 How does it work??
For more description let’s check it out
the video !!

https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=bsJzdpwnCmk