EEC2053 RM 1620 LO2A Rectifiers

Electronic Devices
Ninth Edition
Floyd
Chapter 2
Electronic Devices, 9th edition © 2012 Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458.
Thomas L. Floyd All rights reserved.
Summary
Half-wave Rectifier
+ –
The diode conducts Vin + I

Vout
during the positive 0

t0 t1 t2
–
RL 0
t0 t1 t2
half cycle.
– +
It does not conduct I = 0A
– Vout
during the negative Vin
0
t0 t1 t2
RL 0
t0 t1 t2
+
half cycle.
What is the output if the diode is reversed? See next slide…
Summary
Half-wave Rectifier
– +
– I
Vin Vout
0 RL 0
t0 t1 t2 t0 t1 t2
+
What is the output if the diode is reversed?
Summary
Half-wave Rectifier
PIV at tp
The peak inverse
voltage (PIV) is – +
the maximum tp –
I=0
V 0
voltage across the +
RL
diode when it is not

conducting. -Vp(in)
Summary
Full-wave Rectifier
F D1
+ –
+
I
Vin
A center-tapped 0
–
Vout
0
+ +
transformer is used –
RL
–
with two diodes –

D2
+
that conduct on During the positive half-cycle, the upper diode is

forward-biased and the lower diode is reverse-biased.
alternating half- F
–
D1
+
cycles. –
Vin Vout
+
0 0
– +
RL
I –
+
+ –
D2
During the negative half-cycle, the lower diode is

forward-biased and the upper diode is reverse-biased.
Summary
The Bridge Full-Wave Rectifier

F
The Bridge Full- I

D1
D3
Wave rectifier uses Vin
+ +
four diodes connected – –

D2 D4
RL
+
Vout 0
–
across the entire
Conduction path for the positive half-cycle.
secondary as shown.
F
I
D3 D1
– –
Vin
+
+ +
D2 RL Vout 0
D4 –
Conduction path for the negative half-cycle.
Summary
The Bridge Full-Wave Rectifier
Determine the peak output voltage and current in the 3.3 kW load
resistor if Vsec = 24 Vrms. Use the practical diode model.
The peak output voltage is: F
V p ( sec )  1.41Vrms  33.9 V

D3 D1
V p ( out )  V p ( sec ) - 1.4 V 120 V V(sec) =

24 Vrms
+
 32.5 V D2 D4
RL
3.3 k W
Vp(out )
–
Applying Ohm’s law,

Ip(out) = 9.8 mA
Average value
• The average value of the half-wave rectified output voltage
is the value you would measure on a dc voltmeter.
V = Vp/π
AVG
EEC 2053 – Module 7 Slide 6 of 14

Average voltage
• Find the average voltage in each case

Average value of full wave rectifier
VAVG= 2Vp/π

Summary
Power Supply Filters

Filtering is the process of smoothing the ripple from the rectifier.
Vin VOUT
Full-wave
0V Filter 0
rectif ier
(Ripple is exaggerated.)
The capacitor input filter is widely used. A half-wave rectifier and

capacitor-input filter are shown:
+
+
Vin VC RL
–
–
Summary
Power Supply Filters
How is the ripple affected by the RC time constant?
+
+
Vin VC RL
–
–
A higher time constant (RC) will have less ripple for the same input
voltage and frequency.
Summary
Power Supply Regulators

Regulation performance is specified in two ways. Line regulation
specifies how much the dc output changes for a given change in
regulator’s input voltage.
 VOUT 
Line regulation =  100%
  VIN 
Assume the dc input to a regulator changes by 1.0 V due to a

change in the ac line voltage. If the output changes by 1.5 mV due
to the change, what is the line regulation?
 VOUT   1.5 mV 
Line regulation =   100%   100%  0.15%
  VIN   1.0 V 
Summary
Power Supply Regulators

Load regulation specifies how much change occurs in the output
voltage for a given range of load current values, usually from no load
(NL) to full load (FL).
 V -V 
Load regulation =  NL FL 100%
 VFL 
Assume the dc output of a regulator changes from 5.00 V to 4.96 V

when the output is varies from no load to full load. What is the load
regulation?
 V -V   5.00 V - 4.96 V 
Load regulation =  NL FL 100%   100%  0.8 %
 VFL   4.96 V 
Selected Key Terms
Rectifier A circuit that converts ac into pulsating dc
Filter In a power supply, the capacitor used to reduce

the variation of the output voltage from a rectifier.
Regulator An electronic device or circuit that maintains

an essentially constant output voltage for a
range of input voltage or load values; one part
of a power supply.
Ripple Voltage The small variation in dc output voltage of

a filtered rectifier caused by charging and
discharging of the filter capacitor.
Selected Key Terms
Line The change in output voltage of a regulator for
Regulation a given change in input voltage, normally
expressed as a percentage.
Load The change in output voltage of a regulator for a

Regulation given range of load currents, normally expressed
as a percentage.
Quiz
1. The circuit shown is a

F D1
a. half-wave rectifier – +
–
b. full-wave rectifier
+
– +
c. bridge rectifier RL
–
+
d. none of the above +
D2
–
Quiz
2. The PIV for the circuit shown is equal to

F D1
a. Vp(sec)/2 – +
–
b. Vp(sec)
+
– +
c. 2Vp(sec) RL
–
+
d. none of the above +
D2
–
Quiz
3. During the positive input cycle shown, the conduction

path is through diodes
a. D1 and D2
F
b. D3 and D4 D3 D1
+ +
c. D1 and D4 Vin
– –
d. D2 and D3 D2 D4
Quiz
4. The formula to calculate the load regulation is,

 VNL 
a. Load regulation =  100%
 VFL 
 VOUT 
b. Load regulation =  100%
 VIN 
 VOUT 
c. Load regulation =  100%
 VOUT - VIN 
 VNL - VFL 
d. Load regulation =  100%
 VFL 

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Electronic Devices

The diode conducts Vin + I

during the positive 0

What is the output if the diode is reversed? See next slide…

What is the output if the diode is reversed?

diode when it is not

with two diodes –

that conduct on During the positive half-cycle, the upper diode is

During the negative half-cycle, the lower diode is

The Bridge Full-Wave Rectifier

The Bridge Full- I

four diodes connected – –

Conduction path for the negative half-cycle.

The Bridge Full-Wave Rectifier

The peak output voltage is: F

V p ( sec )  1.41Vrms  33.9 V

V p ( out )  V p ( sec ) - 1.4 V 120 V V(sec) =

Applying Ohm’s law,

EEC 2053 – Module 7 Slide 6 of 14

• Find the average voltage in each case

EEC 2053 – Module 7 Slide 5 of 14

EEC 2053 – Module 7 Slide 5 of 14

Power Supply Filters

The capacitor input filter is widely used. A half-wave rectifier and

Power Supply Filters

How is the ripple affected by the RC time constant?

Power Supply Regulators

Assume the dc input to a regulator changes by 1.0 V due to a

Power Supply Regulators

Assume the dc output of a regulator changes from 5.00 V to 4.96 V

Filter In a power supply, the capacitor used to reduce

Regulator An electronic device or circuit that maintains

Ripple Voltage The small variation in dc output voltage of

Load The change in output voltage of a regulator for a

1. The circuit shown is a

2. The PIV for the circuit shown is equal to

3. During the positive input cycle shown, the conduction

4. The formula to calculate the load regulation is,

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