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FAK.KEDOKTERAN UMS
ETIOLOGY
1) PYOGENIC SPINE INFECTION:
- OSTEOMYELITIS OF THE SPINE
- DISCITIS
• Male:Female = 2:1
Batson’s plexus
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
• Back / neck pain RED FLAG OF BACK PAIN:
Narrowing of
intervertebral space
Destruction of
vertebral body
b) CT scan:
MEDICAL: SURGICAL:
• CRIB • Indications:
• Analgesia • Failed medical treatment
• Intravenous abx 4-6/52 • Presence/development of
neurological signs
↓ improvement
• Drainage of soft tissue
• Oral abx 6-8/52
abscess
• Spinal brace • Methods:
• Decompression
• Stabilization
DISCITIS
• Routes of infection spread:
– Iatrogenic: following procedure eg discectomy adult
– Non iatrogenic: blood-borne children
• Clinical presentation:
– Acute back pain / muscle spasm / systemic features
• Destruction of vertebral end plate spread to v/body
• Raised ESR
• Management:
– Iatrogenic: prevention!!
: broad spectrum abx
– Non iatrogenic: usually self limiting
NON PYOGENIC
SPINE INFECTION:
(TUBERCULOUS SPONDYLITIS)
EPIDEMIOLOGY
• Extrapulmonary Tb: 20-25 % of reported case
Abscess
Collapse of
vertebral body
Preservation of
intervertebral disc
Rarefaction the
anterior aspect of
vertebral body
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
• On examination:
• Long h/o backache
- Pulmonary signs
• Prior h/o pulmonary Tb or
-Angular thoracic
exposure to Tb patient
kyphos
• Deformity - Local tenderness
• Cold abscess - Gibbus
- Neurological exam
POTT’S DISEASES
• Pott disease or Pott's disease is a form of
tuberculosis that occurs outside the lungs
whereby disease is seen in the vertebrae.
• Tuberculosis can affect several tissues outside
of the lungs including the spine, a kind of
tuberculous arthritis of the intervertebral
joints
POTT’S PARAPLEGIA
• Neurologic abnormalities occur in 50% of cases and
can include spinal cord compression with paraplegia,
paresis, impaired sensation, nerve root pain, and/or
cauda equina syndrome
• Early onset
• paresis:Weakness of Lower Limb, UMN features, sensory
dysfunction
• Due to pressure by the abscess/caseous material/ bony
fragment
• Late onset:
• Due to deformity/reactivation of the disease/cord ischemia
INVESTIGATION
a) Laboratory investigation: b) Radiological investigation:
– Plain x-ray:
– FBC
• Narrowing of i/vertebral
– BLOOD C&S
space
– ESR & CRP
• Fuzziness of end plates
– LFT
• Collapse of adjacent
– RP vertebral body
– Mantoux test • Paraspinal soft tissue
shadow
• Medical treatment:
– Anti-Tb chemotherapy 9/12
– Continuous bed rest
• Surgical treatment:
– To drain abscess
– To correct deformity
TB DRUGS
(first Line)
Extra notes: red flag of back pain
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