ATOMIC NUMBER,

MASS NUMBER,
and ISOTOPES
JOHN LLOYD J. GECOLE & SHEIRA MAE L. JOSEPH
atomic number (z) = number of protons in nucleus
mass number (a) = number of protons + number of neutrons
= atomic number (z) + number of neutrons

mass number
A element symbol

atomic number
Z
 Atomic Mass
Element e- p+ n0
Number(Z) Number
Al 13 14
Br 35 80
Cu 64 29
N 7 7
I 53 127
Na 47 61
Ca 20 20
Zn 65 35
B 5 11
K 36 84
 Atomic Mass
Element e- p+ n0
Number(Z) Number
Al 13 27 13 13 14
Br 35 80 35 35 45
Cu 29 64 29 29 35
N 7 14 7 7 7
I 53 127 53 53 74
Na 11 23 11 11 12
Ca 20 40 20 20 20
Zn 30 65 30 30 35
B 5 11 5 5 6
K 36 84 36 36 48
ISOTOPES are atoms of the same
element (x) with different numbers
of neutrons in their nuclei

1
1H 2
1H 3
1H
 Deuterium

Hydrogen Tritium
 U U
235 238

92 92
MOLECULES &
IONS
JOHN LLOYD J. GECOLE & SHEIRA MAE L. JOSEPH
MOLECULES
a molecule is an aggregate of two or more
atoms in a definite arrangement held
together by chemical forces.

H2 H2O NH3 CH4

DIATOMIC MOLECULES
a diatomic molecule contains only two
atoms

H2, N2, O2, F2, Br2, HCl, CO,

POLYATOMIC MOLECULES
A polyatomic molecule contains more
than two atoms

O3, H2O, NH3, CO2, CH4

IONS
An ion is an atom, or group of
atoms, that has a net positive or
negative charge.
CATION
A cation is a ion with a
positive charge
*If a neutral atom loses one or more
electrons it becomes a cation.
ANION
A anion is an ion with a
negative charge
*If a neutral atom gains one or more
electrons it becomes an anion.
A monatomic ion contains
only one atom:
Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, O2-, Al3+, N3-

A polyatomic ion contains more

than one atom:
OH-, CN-, NH4+ , NO3-
 Element
Isotope e- p+ n0 Charge
Name
B-6 Boron 5 1 0
N-14 Nitrogen 7 0
Fluorine 9 10 -1
Neon 10 10
Mg-24 12 10
Al-27 +3
Si-23 12
S-32 0
K-35 +1
 Element
Isotope e- p+ n0 Charge
Name
B-6 Boron 5 5 1 0
N-14 Nitrogen 7 7 7 0
F-19 Fluorine 9 10 10 -1
Ne-20 Neon 10 10 10 0
Mg-24 Magnesium 12 10 12 +2
Al-27 Aluminium 13 10 14 +3
Si-28 Silicon 14 14 14 0
S-32 Sulfur 10 10 22 0
K-35 Potassium 19 18 16 +1
CHEMICAL
FORMULAS
JOHN LLOYD J. GECOLE & SHEIRA MAE L. JOSEPH
MOLECULAR
FORMULA
a molecular formula shows the exact
number of atoms of each element in the
smallest unit of a substance.
EMPERICAL
FORMULA
an empirical formula shows the simplest
whole-number ratio of the atoms in a
substance.
MOLECULAR FORMULA EMPIRICAL FORMULA

H 2O H2 O
C6H12O6 CH2O
O3 O
N2H4 NH2
SPACE-FILLING MODEL
shows a 3-dimensional arrangement of
atoms using truncated balls held together
by snap fasteners, the bonds are not
visible.
BALL AND STICK MODEL
shows a 3-dimensional arrangement of
atoms using a ball(elements or atoms)
attached and interconnected by sticks
angled and represents bonds.
IONIC COMPOUNDS
ionic compounds consist of a
combination of cations and anions.
• The formula is usually the same as the empirical
formula.
• The sum of the charges on the cation(s) and
anion(s) in each formula unit must equal zero.

SODIUM CHLORIDE(NaCl)
the most reactive metals (green) and the most
reactive nonmetals (blue) combine to form ionic
compounds.
 Al3+ O 2-

Al2O3
2(+3)=6 3(-2)=-6
 Ca 2+ Br-

CaBr2
1(+2)=2 2(-1)=-2
Na + CO3 2-

Na2CO3
2(+1)=2 1(-2)=-2
Mg2+ N3-
Mg2+ N3-

MgxNy
(+2)x + (−3)y = 0
Mg2+ N3-

Mg3N2
3(+2)=6 2(-3)=-6
CHEMICAL
NOMENCLATURE
JOHN LLOYD J. GECOLE & SHEIRA MAE L. JOSEPH
NAMING
IONIC COMPOUNDS
• Often a metal + nonmetal
• Anion (nonmetal), add “-ide” to element name

BaCl2 barium chloride

K2 O potassium oxide
Mg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxide
KNO3 potassium nitrate
NAMING
IONIC COMPOUNDS
• Transition metal ionic compounds
-indicate charge on metal with roman numerals

FeCl2 iron(II) chloride

2 Cl- -2 so Fe is +2
FeCl3 iron(III) chloride
3 Cl- -3 so Fe is +3
Cr2S3 chromium(III) sulfide
3 S-2 -6 so Cr is +3 (6/2)
NAME THE FOLLOWING
COMPOUNDS
(a)Fe(NO3)2
iron(II) nitrate
(b)Na2HPO4
sodium hydrogen phosphate
(c)(NH4)2SO3
ammonium sulfite
WRITE THE FORMULA OF THE
COMPOUNDS
(a)mercury(I) nitrite
Hg2(NO2)2
(b)cesium sulfide
CS2S
(c)calcium phosphate
Ca3(PO4)2
NAMING
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
• Nonmetals or nonmetals + metalloids
• Common names; H2O, NH3, CH4
• Element furthest to the left in a period and closest to the
bottom of a group on periodic table is placed first in
formula
• If more than one compound can be formed from the
same elements, use prefixes to indicate number of each
kind of atom
• Last element name ends in -ide
EXAMPLES OF
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS

HC hydrogen chloride
HBr hydrogen bromide
SiC silicon carbride
EXAMPLES OF
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
CO carbon monoxide
CO2 carbon dioxide
SO3 sulfur trioxide
N 4 O2 tetranitrogen dioxide
N2O4 dinitrogen tetroxide
EXAMPLES OF
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
HI hydrogen iodide
NF3 nitrogen trifluoride
SO2 sulfur dioxide
N2Cl4 dinitrogen tetrachloride
NO2 nitrogen dioxide
N2O dinitrogen monoxide
NAME THE FOLLOWING
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
(a)SiCl4

(b)P4O10
WRITE THE FORMULA OF
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
(a)carbon disulfide

(b) disilicon hexabromide