Subject Name Code Credit Hours

Organizational Behavior BBA 2633 3

Organizational Behavior
BBA 2633

Learning
1 Lecture Hour

Lecturer: MR. Mohan B. Basnet

Email:
mohanbasnet01@gmail.com
 Course Evaluation
Course Evaluation
• Consists of Two components, namely:
• 1. Continuous Evaluation:
– Quizzes 10%
– Assignment 20%
– Mid-Semester Exam 20%

• 2. Final Examination: 50%

• TOTAL 100%
Course Evaluation
Learning Modes
Lectures
Tutorials
Quizzes
Exams
Projects
Presentations
Learning Outcomes of the Session
Learning Outcomes of the Session
• Able to explain the concept of learning,
learning principles and learning cycle
• Describe components of learning
• Discuss theories of learning
 Learning
 We all learn through out are personal and
professional life to keep pace with the changing
environment.
• Learning is defined as the process of acquiring,
assimilating, and internalizing cognitive, motor,
or behavioral inputs for their effective and varied
use when required, leading to an enhanced
capability for further self-monitored learning.
• Learning is acquiring new Knowledge, behaviors,
skills, values or preferences.
• Learning refers to relatively permanent changes
in behavior resulting from practice or experience.
 Principles of learning
I. Learning is enhanced when the learner is
motivated.
II. Learning requires feedback.
III. Reinforcement increases the likelihood that a
learned behavior will be repeated.
IV. Practice increases learner's performance.
V. Learning begins rapidly, then plateaus.
VI. Learning must be transferable to the job.
 Kolb’s Learning cycle
Experiencing

Applying Processing

Generalizing
 Kolb’s Learning cycle
• Experiencing: A learner is exposed to a learning
experience by his own or a facilitator’s efforts
• Processing: After the experience the learner has
time to process. He does so by reflecting upon
and analysing his experience
• Generalizing: Processing helps him in abstract
conceptualization and formation of a tentative
theory to explain his success or failures
• Applying: Finally he applies this learning in a
everyday scenario which results in new
experiences and the cycle begins all over again
 Components of Learning
• Learning atmosphere
 Organisational culture
 Non threatening climate
 Challenges in learning
 Gradual success

• Learning mechanism:
 Pedagogical techniques- Teaching techniques
 Practice
 Application
 Self learning
 feedback
 Components of Learning (cont.)
• Components of learning are further subdivided into sub-
components.
• Teacher/Trainer:
 Competence
 style
 Need
 Values

• Learner
 The divergers: The people who learn better by reflecting on specific
experience and drawing new inferences. They have high level of
imagination.
 The assimilators : Learn better by combining reflective observations
with abstract concepts. They are good at creating theoretical
models.
 Components of Learning (cont.)
The convergers: Focus on specific problems
and look for answers and solutions.
The accommodators: Believes in active
experimentation.
 Theories of Learning
1. Classical Conditioning (S-R) – is associated with
Ivan Pavlov. (Stimulus- Response)
• Pavlov considered classical conditioning to be a
form of learning through association, in time, of a
neutral stimulus and a stimulus that incites a
response.
• A stimulus is presented in order to get a
response.
• Classical Conditioning is a form of behavior
modification.
• A subject learns to respond in a desired manner
to a once neutral stimulus.
 Classical Conditioning
Food  Salivation
Bell  No Salivation
Bell  Food  Salivation
Bell  Salivation

 A type of conditioning in which an individual responds

to some stimulus that would not ordinarily produce
such a response.
 This stimulus is repeatedly presented along side an
unconditioned stimulus that elicits the desired
response, and soon enough, the neutral stimulus
conducts the same response as the unconditioned.
 2. Operant Conditioning (R-S)
 B.F Skinner is closely associated with this learning
theory.
• Operant conditioning is simply learning from the
consequences of your behavior.
• A type of conditioning in which desired voluntary
behavior leads to a reward or prevents a punishment.
• Organisms make responses that have consequences.
The consequences serve to increase or decrease the
likelihood of making that response again.
• Human behavior is the function of its consequences.
• People learn to behave to get something they want or
to avoid something they don't want.
• nforcemenis any procedure that increases the res
 Operant Conditioning (R-S) cont.
• operant conditioning is a form of learning in
which the consequences of behavior lead to
changes in the probability of a behavior’s
occurrence.
• Reinforcement is any procedures that increase
the response.
• Punishment is any procedure that decreases
the response.
Re
 3. Social Learning Theory
 Albert Bandura demonstrated that people learn
or unlearn behaviors even by watching others
being rewarded or punished for a particular
behavior.
 Bandura's social learning theory is referred to as
observational learning, which implies that new
responses are learned through observing the
behavior of others.
 Learning takes place through observation and
sensorial experiences.
 e.g. what we have learned comes from watching
models- parents, teachers, peers, motivation,
film, television show, bosses, and so forth.
 4. Cognitive Learning Theory (S-S)
 Edward Tolman is recognized as a pioneering cognitive
theory.
 Learning is considered as the outcome of deliberate
thinking about the problems.
 It uses both intuition and known facts to achieve the goal.
 Learning is the process of connecting symbols in a
meaningful and memorable way.
 Studies focused on the mental processes that facilitate
symbol connection.
 The learning take place when the relationship between the
cues and expectation is strengthened because the cues
lead to expected goals.
 Cognitive learning refers to changes in the way information
is processed as a result of experience.
 Assignment
 Topics: Learning
 Presentation (Each group of five student)
29th May
 Business
Reference English
and (BBATextbooks
Suggested 1213)
- Acharya, Bhawani Shankar (2009), Organizational
Relations, First Edition, Asmita Books Publishers &
Distributors (P) Ltd. Bhotahity, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Adhikari, Devraj (2009). Organizational Behavior,
Third Edition, Buddha Academic Publishers and
Distributors Pvt. Ltd., Kathmandu, Nepal
- Luthans, Fred (2005). Organizational Behavior, Tata
Mcgraw Hill, Singapore
- Robbins, S. P. (2005). Organizational Behavior, Tenth
Edition, Pearson Education Press, Singapore
THANK YOU