Question Based Discussion 1

Ilma Syifannisa
113170037
Cell 
Cell  Horizontal
Cell

Gene
Transfer

Generation

Vertical
Generation

Generation
 Naked DNA uptake by
Horizontal Gene Transfer Transformation Bacteria.

Bacterial DNA
Transduction transferred by viruses
(bacteriophage)

Conjugation Direct Gene Transfer

Harmful Mutation

• Will not get passed on (e.g mutation on

glycolysis)

Neutral Mutation

• Mutation get passed

Beneficial

• Cells thrive and become dominant (e.g

mutation on antibiotic resistance)
 The Overall Hypothesis

Certain biological and

environmental conditions
will affect the transfer
and resulting phenotype
of catabolic plasmid
• Catabolic Plasmid  a circular DNA elements
present in the cytoplasm. They confer on their
host the ability to degrate and recycle
complex. Such as oil, and other materials
• Carbon substrate availability  influence
transfer rates in HGT
• Low level of glucose  increase the plasmid
transfer within enterobacter cloacae strains
• Effective selective pressure is also crucial for
increased plasmid conjugation
 Bacterial Virulence
Acquisition of genes will affect gene expression
with a possible consequences on phenotype,
virulence, antibiotic resistance.
 bacteriophage

Pathogenicity
island on plasmid
plasmids
Bacterial
Virulence
can be
encoded by

Pathogenicity
Insertion of
island on
sequences
chromosomes
 VPIphi
CTXphi
(encoded
Virus (encoded Virus
toxin-
Cholera
coregulated
Toxins)
pilus)

Vibrio Cholerae virulence

• Typical PAI are distinct regions of DNA that are
present in the genome of pathogenic bacteria
but absent in nonpathogenic strains of the same
or related species