SAUDI ARABIA Culture

and
PHILIPPINES Culture

Prepared by: Group 2 – ABM & P.A

 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Capital and largest city Riyadh
Official languages Arabic
Religion Islam
Government (official)
 King Absolute monarchy
Area Abdulaziz Salman bin
- Total  (830,000 sq mi)
-Water (%)
 - 0.7
Population
29,195,895 (43rd)
 2017 estimate
Currency Saudi riyal (SR) (SAR)
 Kingdom of Philippines

 Capital and largest city Manila

Official languages Filipino/ English
Religion Roman catholic 82% / Protestants 5.4%
islam 4.6% / iglesia 2.3% /independent
church 2.6%
Government  Democracy
Area Ranked 64th
- Total - 300,000 km²
-Land % - 99.38%
-Water (%) -0.62%
Population  104,918,090
-2017 estimate
Currency  Philippine peso
 Saudi Arabic
 Present king: Salman National animal:camel
Bin

 National food : kabsa National emblem :

 Philippines
Present President: Duterte National Animals: Carabao

National Food: Rice National emblem :

 INTRODUCTION

 Saudi Arabia officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is the largest
Arab state in Western Asia.
 It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast.
 Saudi Arabia was founded by Abdulaziz bin Saud in 1932.
 Saudi Arabia is sometimes called "the Land of the Two Holy Mosques”
 With the world's second largest oil reserves and the world's sixth largest natural gas
reserves, the Kingdom is categorized as a high income economy with 19th highest
GDP in the world.
The culture of the Philippines reflects the country’scomplex
history. It is a blend of the Malayo-Polynesian and Hispanic cultures
with influences from chinese
 Before the spanish, there were already a mixture of cultures,
the native people similar to melanesians andaustralian
aborigines a majority population of malays andpolynesians
and small groups of people from other SoutheastAsian
countries
Philippines and Guam were the furthest colonies fromSpain
hence Philippines was governed by Mexico.
Philippines is considered rich in natural resources for we
have fertile arable lands, high diversity of plants and animals,
extensive coastlines, and rich mineral deposits.We natural
gas,coal, and geothermal energy
 Cultural Church in Philippines

Quiapo Church San Agustin Church

Manila Cathedral Church Binondo Church

 LARGEST CITIES in SAUDI ARABIA
Riyadh Mecca

Jeddah Medina
 LARGEST CITIES in PHILIPPINES

Manila Boracay

Cebu Bohol
CULTURE OF SAUDI ARABIA
Alcoholic beverages are
prohibited.
The weekend was Thursday
and Friday.
Only two religious holidays
are publicly recognized.
The left hand is considered
unclean and reserved for
hygiene.
Do not point at another
person and do not eat with
the left hand.
Men walking hand in hand
is a sign a friendship.
CULTURE IN PHILIPPINES
Alcoholic beverages are not
prohibited
The weekend was Saturday
and Sunday
We have a lot religious
holidays are publicly recognize
We are the Filipinos do not
have the belief that the left
hand is unclean
When we eat most of the
Filipinos are in hand, no
longer using spoons or forks
We Filipinos are friendly and
cheerful
DRESS CODE IN SAUDI ARABIA

 Saudi Arabian dress strictly follows the principles of hijab .

 The predominantly loose and flowing, but covering,
garments are suited to Saudi Arabia's desert climate.
 Traditionally, men usually wear an ankle length garment woven
from wool or cotton, with a keffiyeh or a ghutra worn on the
head.
 Women's clothes are decorated with tribal motifs,
coins, sequins, metallic thread, and appliques.
 Women are required to wear an abaya when in public.
 Business women should make certain that their
collarbones and
knees are covered and that their clothes are not form-fitting.
Dress in philippines

Barong Tagalog, more commonly

known as simply Barong (and
occasionally called Baro), is an
embroidered formal shirt and
considered the national dress of
the Philippines.

Women's national costume. Barong

tagalog is as well used by women. But
there are many much more feminine
and beautiful female clothing. For
example, mestiza dress. It is a formal
dress made from lace and
embroidered richly. It has butterfly
sleeves
 POLITICS OF SAUDI
ARABIA

 The Quran and the Sunnah are declared to be the country's constitution.
 No written modern constitution.
 Only Arab nation with no elections.
 No political parties nor elections are permitted.
 On 25 September 2011, Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah has announced
that women will have the right to stand and vote in future local elections.
 Politics in Philippines
Philippines is democratic country
The Philippines has a democratic republic with a presidential
form of government with 3 branches namely: executive,
legislative and judicial.
The Legislative branch is authorized to make laws, alter, and repeal them
through the power vested in the Philippine Congress. This institution is
divided into the Senate and the House of Representatives.
The Executive branch carries out laws. ...
The Judicial branch evaluates laws.
 EDUCATION IN SAUDI ARABIA

 Education is free at all levels. A large part of the curriculum at all levels
is devoted to Islam.
 As few girls attend school, this disproportion is reflected in the rate
of literacy.
 Women typically receive college instruction in segregated
institutions.
 The study of Islam dominates the Saudi educational system.
 Education in philippines

education in Philippines and Saudi Arabia are similar in

terms of spending on education. Second, students are free to
choose what school they will attend to. Both Philippines and
Saudi Arabia have increased awareness on the
value/importance of education to its people.
 LEGAL SYSTEM OF SAUDI ARABIA

 The primary source of law is the Islamic Sharia.

 Capital and physical punishments are imposed by Saudi courts.
 Lashings are a common form of punishment.
 Homosexual rights are not recognized.
 Retaliatory punishments are practised.
 Families of someone unlawfully killed can choose between demanding the death
penalty or granting clemency in return for a payment of diyya, or blood money,
by the perpetrator.
 LEGAL SYSTEM IN PHILIPPINES
The Philippine legal system is aptly described as a blend of
customary usage, and Roman (civil law) as well as Anglo-American
(common laws) system.

 The civil law operates in areas such as family relations, property,

succession, contract and criminal law.

 Statutes and principles of common law origin are evident in such

areas as constitutional law, procedure, corporation law, negotiable
instruments, taxation, insurance, labor relations, banking and
currency.

In some Southern parts of the islands, Islamic law is observed.

The main sources of Philippine law are the Constitution, statutes,

treaties and conventions, and judicial decisions
 CONT…
The Constitution is the fundamental law of the land and as such, it is authority
of the highest order against which no other authority can prevail.

Statutes are intended to supply the details which the Constitution does not
provide for.

Philippine law is also derived from cases.

- The Civil Code provides that ‘judicial decisions applying to or interpreting
the laws or the Constitution shall form a part of the legal system of the
Philippines’.

 Only decisions of its Supreme Court establish jurisprudence and are binding
on all other courts. They are also binding to everyone, much like the laws are
made binding.

 These decisions assume the same authority as the statutes to which they apply
or interpret until authoritatively abandoned by the Supreme Court
Cont.
First-level courts
Regional Trial Courts
Court of Appeals
Supreme Court
Other special courts:
› Sandiganbayan
› Court of Tax Appeals
› Shari’a Courts
› “Quasi-courts” (administrative agencies)
 ENTERTAINMENT, ARTS, SPORTS AND CUISINE

 Music and dance have always been part of Saudi life.

 Bedouin poetry, known as nabaṭī, is still very popular. Censorship has limited the
development of Saudi literature.
 Football is the national sport in Saudi Arabia.
 Pork is not consumed and other animals are slaughtered in accordance with
halal.
 Coffee, served in the Turkish style, is the traditional beverage.
 Cinemas are numerous in 1970s.
 Entertainment, Arts , Sports and Cuisine
Filipinos are very fond of music. They use various materials to
create sound. They love performing dances (Tiniking and
Carinosa) and group singing during festive celebrations.

The national sport of the Philippines is called arnis, a form of

martial arts.

A Filipino eating Leachon

One Traditional Filipino game is luksong tinik.

Cuisine - La Paz Batchoy is a noodle soup made with pork
organs, crushed pork cracklings, chicken stock and beef loin
Filipinos love art and architecture
arab– TraditionalHeritages , Arts And
Crafts
Cont
Cont…. Crafts
Phil- Traditional heritages, Arts and Crafts
Cont.
Cont.
Saudi Village
Cont
.….
Philippines Village
Cont.
Saudi - Traditional Architecture and House Designs
Philippines - Traditional Architecture and House Designs
Saudi – Guest’s Value
 Saudi Date ‫ت‬
( ‫ – ) روم‬A unique
Market and Taste
-Abha / Qaseem cities
-17 Million SR sales per day
Saudi – A land of
desert
Saudi – Sports
Phil. Sports
Saudi Calligraphies
Phil - Traditional Transportation
The Saudi Kingdom is well known
for its variety of traditional dishes
that reflect the diversity of the
regions and the custom of the
people. Most of the dishes contain
meat, rice, wheat, vegetables and
spices that give these recipes a
special flavor.
One of Saudi Arabia's most famous
dishes is Al- Kabsa. Al-Kabsa is
made of rice cooked with red or
white meat or chicken in a pot. A
variety of spices and salads can be
added to the dish. Al-Kabsa is
considered a staple dish throughout
the Kingdom
 Cont.
Meat/Chicken is cooked in various ways. A
popular way of preparing meat is called Al-Mandi.

Silig is a traditional food from Saudi Arabia. This

kind of food is made of rice and milk mixed together. It
tastes really good. It is served at big parties. Some
people add a green salad; others like it with hot sauce.
Different
Traditions Foods
Philippine foods
Rice is a staple food in
Filipino cuisine
One of the most popular
Filipino dishes is the
Adobo.
Another national pride
in the Philippines is its
Lechon (or roasted
pork), hailed by some
chefs as the finest-
tasting pork dish in
Asia.
Cont.

Filipino culture may be likened to

a halo-halo. The ice cream, which
is a Western ingredient, may be on
top of the concoction, but that is
just the surface of the dessert.

Cooking and eating in the

Philippines has traditionally been
an informal and communal affair
centered around the family
kitchen. Filipinos traditionally eat
three main meals a day: agahan
or almusal , tanghalían, and hapu
nan, meriénda Snacking is
normal. Dinner, while still the
main meal, is smaller than other
countries.
Cont.

Filipino cuisine is
distinguished by its bold
combination of sweet
(tamis), sour (asim), and
salty (alat) flavors. While
other Asian cuisines may be
known for a more subtle
delivery and presentation,
Filipino cuisine is often
delivered all at once in a
single presentation.
Arab Tranditional Dance

Ardha Dance
Philippine traditional dance

Tinikling Bamboo Dance

 Saudi – Traditional Festivals
Janadriyah National
Festival

Saudi Arabia’s biggest folk and

cultural festival takes place for
two weeks each February in
Janadriyah, about 30 miles from
Riyadh. Thrilling horse and camel
races are among the highlights of
what may be Saudi Arabia’s
liveliest non-religious public
gathering. Artisans from across
the country sell and display their
crafts, while some of Saudi
Arabia’s most talented poets
recite their latest compositions.
Cont.
Souq Okaz Festival

Souq Okaz is a yearly poetry festival

held on the outskirts of Taif. It is held
at the same location as the ancient
festival held in pre-Islamic times.
Souq Okaz is now in its 11th year. It's
wonderful place to bring the family.
Lots of food, shopping, camels and
horses. Not to be missed! Getting
better every year.
 Philippine - Festivals
Ati- Atihan Festival
This Sto. Niño festival started it all.
One of the oldest religious
celebrations in the country, Ati-Atihan
is characterized by a parade filled
with face-painted celebrants,
indigenous costumes and weapons,
tribal dances, and loud drumbeats.

Sinulog Festival
Cebu also has its own version of the
festival in honor of the Sto. Niño. If
you find yourself attending the
Sinulog Festival, “Pit Señor!” is a
phrase you will hear a lot. It means
“Panangpit sa Señor,” a Cebuano
phrase that means to plead to the
Señor Santo Niño.
 Saudi Marriage
Marriage was not a sacrament but a civil contract, which had
to be signed by witnesses and which specified an amount of money
(mehr) to be paid by the husband to the wife. It might further
include an agreement for an additional amount to be paid in the
event of divorce.

The amount of the mehr averaged between 25,000 and 40,000

Saudi riyals (for value of the riyal).
In the early 1990s, although some couples rejected the mehr
altogether, stipulating only a token amount to satisfy the legal
requirement necessary to validate the marriage contract.
 Philippine Marriage
Early times, a tribal priest/priestess
would officiate Philippine marriages.
The ceremony is usually held in the
tribal priest/priestess' home where
he/she would bless them. An
indication of an official marriage was
when the bride and groom's necks
and hands were bound by a cord or
long hairs being entwined together.

Marriage in the Philippines does not

only consists of the bride, groom and
the priest. It is joined by two families
coming together as a community.
They celebrate and support both sides
of the family to show acceptance and
a warm welcome of being part of
each other's family.
 WOMEN'S RIGHTS IN SAUDI ARABIA

 In Saudi Arabia the women have few political rights due to the government's
discriminatory policies.
 Under Saudi law, every adult female must have a male relative as her "guardian.
 Women are also said to have faced discrimination in the courts, where the
testimony of one man equals that of two women.
 Polygamy is permitted for men.
 The average age at first marriage among Saudi females is 25 years in
Saudi Arabia.
Child marriage exists in Saudi Arabia, however it is not common.
 The religious police, known as the mutawa impose many restrictions on women
in public in Saudi Arabia.
 There is also effectively a ban on women driving.
 Arab - FAMILY VALUES

 Saudis are cognizant (aware)

of their heritage, their clan,
and their extended family, as
well as their nuclear family.
Saudis take their responsibilities
to their family quite seriously.
Families tend to be large and
the extended family is quite
close.
The individual derives a social
network and assistance in times
of need from the family.
A List of Traditional Filipino Family Values and Traits
1) Paggalang (Respect)
The English translation of paggalang means to be
respectful or to give respect to a person.
Filipinos are accustomed to using the words “po,”
“opo,” and “ho” when they are conversing with
older people or, sometimes, with those who are in a
high role or a prestigious member of society. Using
these words is customary in the Philippines, and it
shows a sign of respect if you do so.
Paggalang can also be shown toward your elders
by kissing their hands before leaving/to say
goodbye and upon arrival/to greet them.
The younger members of the family can show
respect toward older siblings by calling
them kuya (older brother) or ate (older sister).
P

A
 2. Pakikisama (Helping Others)
Pakikisama has the connotation of getting along
with people in general.
There is a general yearning to be accepted and
well-liked among Filipinos. This applies to one
and his or her friends, colleagues, boss, and even
relatives. This desire is what steers one to
perform pakikisama.
The word pakikisama literally translates to
"helping others." Therefore, this trait usually
fosters general cooperation and performing good
or helpful deeds, which can lead to others viewing
you in a favorable light.
P

K
3) Utang na Loob (Debt of Gratitude)
Utang na Loob means to pay
your debt with gratitude.
With utang na loob, there is
usually a system of obligation.
When this value is applied, it
imparts a sense of duty and
responsibility on the younger
siblings to serve and repay the
favors done to them by their
elders.
UTANG NA
LOOB
 4) Pagpapahalaga sa Pamilya (Prioritizing
Family)
Pagpapahalaga sa Pamilya. In other words:
putting importance on your family.
This implies that a person will place a high
regard on their family and prioritize that
before anything else.
For example, this is why it's not uncommon
for a father or a mother in a Filipino family
from the Philippines to seek employment
abroad or a job they don't want just to earn a
decent wage for their family. They've placed
the utmost priority on meeting the family’s
basic needs and toward practicing
pagpapahalaga sa pamilya
Pagpapahalaga sa pamilya
 5) Hiya (Shame)
oHiya means shame.
oThis controls the social behaviors and
interactions of a Filipino. It is the value
that drives a Filipino be obedient and
respectful to their parents, older siblings,
and other authorities.
oThis is also a key ingredient in the loyalty
of one’s family.
 Filipino Belief System

Filipinos are believers of religion.

They believe so much on
supernatural powers and viewed
themselves as only a speck in this
wide universe.
Success is considered a blessingfrom
above, as a result of good luck
and faith
Good is considered relative.
Hapiness and success differernt
from one person to another.
 Filipino Value System

Cultural values are shared assumptions of what is

right, good or important.
Guide man's behavior and action as he
relates himself in most situations in life.
Can best be seen from the aspects of personal and
social relationships.
Majority of Filipinos value more their
honor (karangalan) rather than wealth.
Cont.
In decision- making, the Filipinos usually consul
and take into consideration the consensus of the
family members as the feelings of those who are to be
affected.
Filipinos loveto mingle with other
people particularly with friends and relatives.
They engaged themselves inmutual cooperation
(Bayanihan)
Filipinos are friendly. They smile at people, even
with strangers
They are warm and simple
Filipino women are regard and respected.
B

N
BUSINESS ETIQUETTE
 MEETING ETIQUETTE

 Men shake hands. Good friends may greet each other with a handshake and a kiss
on each cheek.
 Women generally hug and kiss close friends.
 Men and women would not greet each other in public If from outside the family.
 When Saudis greet each other they take their time and converse about general things
 BUSINESS ETIQUETTE AND PROTOCOL
Relationships & Communication
 You will need a Saudi sponsor (wakeel) to enter the country.
 Saudis do not require as much personal space as most western cultures.
 Saudis prefer to work with people they know and trust and will spend a great
deal of time.
 You must be patient.
 Saudis will most likely judge you on appearances, dress and present yourself
well.
 Do not discuss the subject of women.
 The topic of Israel should also be avoided. Sports is an appropriate topic.
 Names are often confusing. It’s best to get the names. Find out both their full
names and how they are to be addressed in person.
 Communications occur at a slow pace. Do not feel obligated to speak during
periods of silence. "Yes" usually means "possibly".
 At a meeting, the person who asks the most questions is likely to be the least
important. The decision maker is likely a silent observer.
 Arab -BUSINESS MEETING ETIQUETTE

 Appointments are necessary and should be made several weeks to one month in
advance.
 When meeting with government officials, a firm date will not be settled upon until
you are physically in the country.
 Try to schedule meetings in the morning.
 You should arrive at meetings on time, although it is an accepted custom to keep
foreigners waiting.
 It is not uncommon to have a meeting cancelled once you arrive.
 Meetings are generally not private until after a relationship of trust has been
developed.
This means you may expect frequent interruptions. Others may wander into the room and
start a different discussion. You may join in, but do not try to bring the topic back to
the original discussion until the new person leaves.
 Business meetings start after prolonged inquiries about health, family, etc.
 Phil- Business Meetings
Punctuality is not of the utmost
importance in the Philippines, and
neither is the concept of an RSVP.
There may be several minutes of small
talk before getting down to business.
Start out by addressing a new business
acquaintance by his or her family name.
Wait to be told where to sit.
Filipinos avoid confrontation if possible.
Cont..

An integral part of culture and values is hospitality.

 Filipinos observe a wide range of grooming styles.
Filipinos are basically hygienic.
Many of the business practices are anchored on the
Catholic religion and various ancient superstition.
When greeting business partners, a firm and brisk
handshake is good with a warm smile on your face.
GIFT GIVING ETIQUETTE
 Arab - GIFT GIVING ETIQUETTE

 Gifts are not the norm as in many other countries.

If you are invited to a Saudi's house bring something small as a thank you.
 Flowers do not make good gifts from a man, although a woman could give them to
her hostess.
 Never give alcohol unless you are positive they partake.
 Gifts are not opened when received
 Phil – Gift Giving Etiquette

Gift giving is important on many occasions such as

weddings and birthdays
Once a contract has been signed, prepare to give your
new partners a gift of greater value.
When selecting wrapping paper for a Filipino recipient,
you may use any color you wish.
When invited to a Filipino home, bring a gift of flowers,
candy or chocolates.
 Cont.

At Christmas, you will be expected to give a small,

modest gift to practically everyone you encounter in a
business context.
When you receive a gift, follow the Asian custom by
not opening it in front of the giver.
During certain family events, particularly baptisms, it is
customary to toss a handful of small coins to any
children present.
At weddings, guests will sometimes use pins to attach
money-- typically bills in small denominations--to the
clothing of the bride and groom.
Dining Etiquette
 Saudi - DINING ETIQUETTE
 Saudis socialize primarily in restaurants and international hotels whom they do
not know well. After some time you will be invited to the home.
 Entertainment will generally be same-sex only. If both sexes are included, they
will be
in separate rooms.
If you are invited to a Saudi's house:
 You would usually remove your shoes.
 Dress conservatively.
 Try to arrive at the invited time. Punctuality is appreciated but not crucial.
 Show respect for the elders by greeting them first.
 Accept the offer of Arabian coffee and dates even if you do not normally drink
coffee.
 If the meal is on the floor, sit cross-legged or kneel on one knee..
 Eat only with the right hand.
 Try a bit of everything that is served.
 Honoured guests are often offered the most prized pieces such as a sheep's head
so be
prepared!
 There is often more food than you can eat. Part of Saudi hospitality and generosity is
 Phil - Dining Etiquette

•For parties, arriving 15-20 minutes late is

commonly known as "Filipino time".
•Follow dress codes, and groom yourself.
Filipinos like to entertain.
•Wherever you travel in the Philippines,
you’re sure to come across a turo turo
(literally translated as ‘point-point’).
•Do not take the last bit of food from a
central serving plate if there is one .
•Toothpicks are often used at the end of the
meal. The most honored position is at the
head of the table.
Cont.
•When chancing upon a Filipino eating, he would
invite the visitor by inviting him to eat.
•Filipinos may view a dinner/party invitation as
just a passing thought.
•Toasts are common in the Philippines, especially
at business meetings.
•Usually the one who does the inviting pays the
bill, although the guest is expected to make an
effort to pay.
•At the end of the meal, you may be given pabaon.
•Hosts will invariably lay out a snack for their
visitors.
 BUSINESS NEGOTIATING

 Decisions are made slowly. Do not try to rush the process.

 The society is extremely bureaucratic. Most decisions require several layers of
approval.
It takes several visits to accomplish simple tasks.
 Saudis are tough negotiators.
 Business is hierarchical. Decisions are made by the highest-ranking person.
 Repeat your main points since it will be interpreted as meaning you are telling the truth.
 Do not use high-pressure tactics.
 Decisions are easily overturned.
 There is a tendency to avoid giving bad news and to give effusive acceptances,
which may only mean 'perhaps'.
 BUSINESS CARDS

 Business cards are given to everyone you meet, although it may be an idea to be
selective if you have few in your possession.
 Have one side of your card translated into Arabic. Be sure to check the
translation carefully as there is often confusion with the order of western names.

SAUDI ARABIA FUN FACT

 If you are not a Muslim, you may not enter Saudi Arabia without an invitation
and you may not leave without an exit permit.
 It is not uncommon for Westerners to be imprisoned for possessing illegal
substances such as alcohol, pork or narcotics.
 OTHER IMPORTANT THINGS

 Irrespective of market conditions, one us dollar would fetch 3.75 riyals.

 1 Saudi Riyal equals 16.59 Indian Rupee.
 Summers are extremely uncomfortable with humidity reaching up to 99%.
 Propagation and public practice of any other religion is strictly prohibited.
 However, non-Muslim expats are allowed to practice their religion inside
their homes, as long as nothing is heard or noticed outside.
 All shops and business establishments must necessarily be closed during times of
prayer (5 times a day).
 All women (including expats) are required to cover themselves with a black robe
called abaya when stepping out of their homes.
 Non-Muslim women generally do not cover their heads, but are advised to
do so during prayer times when going out of their homes.
 Taking photographs out of your home is also prohibited.
 Saudi Arabia has the highest percentage of military expenditure in the whole
world,
spending more than 10% of its GDP in its military.
 Saudi Arabia is one of only a few fast-growing countries in the world with
a relatively high per capita income.
 Saudi Arabia is said to be the world's largest source of funds for Salafi
 POWER DISTANCE:

 Saudi Arabia has a large power distance.

 This is partly due to the monarchy in power.
 The citizens do not have a strong political voice, and the rules of the land are
decided by the king and the Quran.
 Within the family, the elders are at the top of the hierarchy, while the children and
youth are at the bottom.

 INDIVIDUALISM VS. COLLECTIVISM:

 Saudi Arabia is a collectivist society.

 They place great value in not only their physical family, but also their
spiritual family.
 Members act for the good of the group, not for any individual goals.
 MASCULINITY VS. FEMININITY:

 Saudi Arabia has one of the largest male/female gaps.

 The life of a woman is very restricted, with laws concerning leaving the
house, dress code, and servitude to the male.
 Consequences for breaking out of these sex-based roles are strongly punished.

 UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE:

 Saudi Arabia has a high level of uncertainty avoidance.

 They are very conservative, and have many rules, laws, and policies that
restrict
freedoms, which prohibits change.
 Many outside influences counter to their own are not only persecuted, but
often outlawed.
 LONG- AND SHORT-TERM ORIENTATION:

 Saudi Arabia ranks high in long-term orientation due to their emphasis on social
order, seen in their strong respect for their elders, and the emphasis they place
on long-range goals as opposed to short-term results.
Thank you !!!