Pumps

CBE 150A – Transport Spring Semester 2014

 Goals
• Describe how centrifugal and positive-displacement pumps
operate and common applications.

• Calculate system head requirements.

• Determine head, pump efficiency, and pump. horsepower from a

typical centrifugal pump curve.

• Define net positive suction head (NPSH) and understand how it

relates to cavitation.

• Compute NPSH required by a pump.

• Determine an appropriate pump (impeller diameter, efficiency,

etc.) for a given required head.

• Describe how to modify system to operate on the appropriate

pump curve.

CBE 150A – Transport Spring Semester 2014

 Background
Fluid Moving Equipment
Fluids are moved through flow systems using pumps, fans,
blowers, and compressors. Such devices increase the
mechanical energy of the fluid. The additional energy can
be used to increase
• Velocity (flow rate)
• Pressure
• Elevation

CBE 150A – Transport Spring Semester 2014

 Background
Pump, fan, blower, and compressor are terms
that do not have precise meaning. Generally
pumps move liquids while fans, blowers and
compressors add energy to gasses.

Pumps and fans do not appreciably affect the

density of the fluids that they move and thus
incompressible flow theory is applicable.

CBE 150A – Transport Spring Semester 2014

 Centrifugal Pumps
Most common type of pumping machinery. There are many
types, sizes, and designs from various manufacturers who
also publish operating characteristics of each pump in the
form of performance (pump) curves. The device pictured on
the cover page is a centrifugal pump.

Pump curves describe head delivered, pump efficiency, and

net positive suction head (NPSH) for a properly operating
specific model pump.

Centrifugal pumps are generally used where high flow rates

and moderate head increases are required.

CBE 150A – Transport Spring Semester 2014

 Centrifugal Pumps

CBE 150A – Transport Spring Semester 2014

 Impeller

CBE 150A – Transport Spring Semester 2014

 Positive Displacement Pump

CBE 150A – Transport Spring Semester 2014

 Positive Displacement Pumps
To move fluids positive displacement pumps admit a fixed volume of
liquid from the inlet into a chamber and eject it into the discharge.

Positive displacement pumps are used when higher head increases are
required. Generally they do not increase velocity.

CBE 150A – Transport Spring Semester 2014

 LVAD Application

CBE 150A – Transport Spring Semester 2014

 Pump Head
What happens if the MEB is multiplied through by g (gc/g)?

Wˆ 1   V 2
 
 
 gz 
p  L V 
 4 f   K i 
2


g g 2   D  2 

Pump System Head

Head

N  m s2 kg  m3 s 2
What are the units (SI)?  m
kg m 2
kg  s 2 m2

CBE 150A – Transport Spring Semester 2014

 Pump Cavitation
Net (above the vapor pressure) Positive Suction Head (NPSH)

 P vap 
NPSH Pump Curve     Head Required
  

 Pb Vb2 
    Head Available
  2 gc 
 
Pb
hfs Za

Pa

CBE 150A – Transport Spring Semester 2014

 Pump Curve Example
Pump Curves (Resources Section)

What pump horsepower is required to pump 150 GPM

of water at a total head of 225 ft using a Goulds Model
3196 operating at 3540 RPM ?

What is the required NPSH ?

What is the pump efficiency ?

CBE 150A – Transport Spring Semester 2014

 Pump Curves

CBE 150A – Transport Spring Semester 2014

 System Response
2
3
1
Tank B
Tank A

What happens when flow control valve is closed?

• Resistance (f) increases
• Flow rate decreases
• Need more head to recover flow rate

CBE 150A – Transport Spring Semester 2014

 System Response
Constant
Flow Response

Valve Closed Valve Open

Constant
Head Response

CBE 150A – Transport Spring Semester 2014

 10 Minute Problem
A centrifugal pump (Goulds Model: 3196 - 1770 RPM - CDS 3832) with an 11 inch impeller is used to transport
water at 350 GPM through the system show below. The system head with the control valve completely open is 90
ft lbf / lbm. For the desired flow rate, it is necessary to partially close the control valve. What pressure drop across
the valve is required ?

Tank B

Tank A

CBE 150A – Transport Spring Semester 2014