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The Sociological Concepts and

Terminologies of Culture Along the Mother


Tongue-Based Education Program in
Tertiary Education
By
Christopher F. Bueno,Ph.D.
Joselito de la Rosa,MPA
Eden A. Bueno, MAEd
The research study is designed to deal with the generally
accepted concepts and terminologies in Sociology and
Anthropology in relation to the study of culture and society.
These cultural terminologies are translated into Filipino and
English language as a standard form in the sociology ,
anthropology and philosophy books without any perspective as
to its view in the Ilokano society. It is in this context that
researcher conducted series of phenomenological researches for
the State Universities and Colleges, and Higher Education
Institution in Northern Luzon to appreciate the Ilokano
perspectives on the sociological concepts on the Filipino culture

. These are the contents in sociology and anthropology in


the study of the National Perspective of Filipino Culture :
A. Filipino Value System
(a) Pamantayan ; (b) Asal; (c) Diwa; and (4) Halaga.
B. Social Acceptance
(a) Pakikisama ; (b) Pakikiradam ; (c) Pakikipagkapwa-tao;
(d) Palakasan; (e) Pakiusap ;and (f) Sakop
C. Cultural Reciprocity
(a) Pakikiramay ; (b) Mapagmalasakit ; (c) Kagandahang Loob ; and
(d) Mabuting Loob
D. Non Rationalism
(a) Bahala Na; (b) Tadhana; and (c) Gulong ng Palad
E. Personalism
(a) Lakas ng Loob; (b) Maluwag ang Loob ;(c) Kagandahang Loob;
(d) Mapagkaloob ; (e) Saloobin ; (f) Tapat na Kalooban;
(g) Masama ang Loob: and (h)Masasamang Loob
.F. Culturally Challegened Filipino Traits
(a) Ningas Kogon ; (b) Amor Propio ; (c) Probinsiyano; and
(d) Burong Talangka

The previous research study conducted in lined with the National


Perspectives of Filipino Culture provides the key informant analysis as to
the Ilokano meaning as to the abovementioned variables. As a follow up
study, it has evaluated the social acceptability as to the concepts and
terminologies of the sociological culture. The result of this study
provides the academic resources in teaching general education subjects
in sociology (socio101) and socio-anthropology (socio 102) .
II Objectives
The main objective of the study is to present the Sociological
Concepts and Terminologies of Culture Along the Mother Tongue-Based
Education Program in Tertiary Education:
Specifically it sought to:
1. Present the profile of the respondents in terms of age,
position/designation and place of residence.
2. Identify the current translation of the sociological concepts and
terminologies of the national perspective of culture as responded in
key informants as the accepted meaning of term in the Ilokano
language.
3. Assess the contextual acceptability of the varied interpretations of the
sociological concepts and terminologies along: (a) Filipino Value
System ; (b) Cultural Reciprocity; (c) Non Rationalism; (d)
Personalism; and (e) Culturally Challenged Filipino Traits
4. Provide the list of the contextual accepted in the sociological
concepts and terminologies relevant to the study of the Mother
Language –Based Education in the tertiary education.
III. Review of Related Literature
The National Filipino Perspectives of Culture as commonly provided in
sociology and anthropology along (1) Filipino value system;(2) social acceptance;
(3) cultural reciprocity ;(4) non rationalism;(5) personalism and (6) culturally
challenged Filipino traits : ( Bueno, 2011)

On Filipino Value System


It is sociologically classified as asal, diwa and halaga. It provides critical
understanding about inner-self (nakem and loob); the psychic domain of thought
and interpersonal relationships with the group. It is the intrinsic quality of self
through nakem as the conscious expression of human dignity within the ethical
and moral dimension of personal thought. The internal valuing process comes
from the traditional culure and interlationships of society attributed by the ethical
and spiritual values of life.

On Social Acceptance
It has varied cultural perspectives when we deal with the constructive
socialization and interaction of the society. The national Filipino perspectives of
social acceptance are the sociological concepts of pakikisama, pakikiramdam,
pakikipagkapwa-tao, palakasan, pakiusap, and sakop. Generally, the social
acceptance provides information about the social relationships within the group to
conform the collective action and decision regardless of the ethical, behavioural
and moral outcome in the society.It may produce tremendous political power on
the role of cultural reciprocity and even political corruption. The social acceptance
relies on naimbag a nakem that may bring support to a friend.
On Cultural Reciprocity
This is relevant to the social acceptance of the group,
however, it extends to the cultural practice of debt of gratitude
and reciprocity. The national Filipino perspectives of culture are
the sociological terminologies and concepts of cultural
reciprocity deals on human compassion as pakikiramay
;mapagmalasakit ; kagandahang loob; and mabuting loob. The
individual action has motive and interest as to the culture of
reciprocity along the political and economic values of the
Filipino.

On Non Rationalism
This reflects the human beliefs on fate and destiny as part
of the life struggles . It emphasizes the cultural notion of the
bahala na, tadhana and gulong ng palad. It is also the societal
value of the Filipinos on fatalistic belief of luck and fate rather
than thinking rationally as to the cause and effect relationships
of social facts.
On Personalism
The Filipino personality has unique internal and external
dimension of self based on the idea of loob. The personal
identity on the inner self reflects (based on ethics and morality)
on the concepts of lakas ng loob, maluwag ang loob, tapat na
loob and kagandahan loob. While the other side of personal
dimension is the certain acts to pursue interest and motive that
may now reflect on masasamang loob, saloobin,and masama
ang loob.

On Culturally Challenged Traits


It is a Filipino trait that provides the concept of
commitment to work; esteem and self concept ; envy and
jealousy; and upbringing in the community. The sociological
terminologies and concepts are presented in tagalong terms as
ningas kugon,amor propio, probinsiyano, and burong talangka.
It also includes on the exposure of local upbringing ; personal
envy in social life; egocentric attitude; and intellectual display
but lack of action.
III. Research Methology
The study utilized the descriptive analysis in the investigation of the
basic sociological concepts and terminologies along : (1) Filipino value
system;(2) social acceptance; (3) cultural reciprocity ;(4) non
rationalism;(5) personalism and (6) culturally challenged Filipino traits.
As a follow up research study ( Bueno et.al, 2011) on “The MLE
Integration on the Ilocano Translation of the National Filipino
Perspectives of Culture” as defined by the key informants who are
currently local journalists, broadcasters and academe fluent in the
translation of the terms in Filipino to Ilokano language.
This study is assessed by the elementary school teachers, secondary
school teachers, administrators and department heads of LGU and GO
and instructors of Vigan City, Sta. Catalina, San Juan, Cabugao and
Bantay to identify the social acceptability of the terminologies and
concepts in culture as presented in this study.The contextual acceptability
on phenomenological approach of study along the following numerical
and descriptive interpretation :
1.00 -1.80 Very Highly Acceptable
1.81- 2.60 Highly Acceptable
2.61- 3.40 Acceptable
3.41- 4.20 Fairly Acceptable
4.21- 5.00 Not Acceptable
The conceptual framework includes the research variables
of the National Filipino Perspectives of Culture as commonly
provided in sociology and anthropology along (1) Filipino value
system;(2) social acceptance; (3) cultural reciprocity ;(4) non
rationalism;(5) personalism and (6) culturally challenged
Filipino traits . ( Bueno et. al. , 2011) This studies the contextual
acceptability in the Ilokano translations of the sociological
terminologies and concepts relevant to the Ilocano Culture .
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VAIRABLES

The National Filipino


Perspectives of Culture The Ilokano Translations
1. Filipino Value System of the Sociological
2. Cultural Reciprocity Terminologies and
3. Non Rationalism Concepts of the Filipino
4. Personalism Culture
5. Culturally Challenged
Filipino Traits
V.Results and Discussions

1. The Profile of the Respondents in Assessing the Sociological


terminologies and concepts along the National
Perspective of Culture ( Table 1)

The majority of the respondents have age range of below 25 (28


respondents or 32.94 percent),this is followed by age range of 35-39 (
22 respondents or 25.88 percent) . It is significant to note that between
with the two bracket ranges with 25-29 age range ( 13 respondents or
15.30) and 30-34 age range ( 9 respondents or 10.59 percent) have also
22 total respondents. This means that the respondents are a young age
range below 25 to 39 years old in assessing and interpreting the social
acceptability of the sociological terminologies in the Filipino culture.

While the majority of the designation of the respondents are as


elementary school teachers ( 54 respondents or 63.53 percent) and
residing of San Juan ( 28 respondent or 32.94percent) and Magsingal
(24 respondents or 28.24 percent). These elementary school teachers
are also implementing the Mother Tongue- Based Language Education
(MTBE) in the primary grade of their school.
2.The Current Translation of the Sociological Concepts of
the National Perspectives of Culture

The current translation of the sociological concepts of the national


perspective of culture as those identified by the key informants who
are the local journalists, local broadcasters and academe who
translated by the Filipino concepts to its usage in Ilocano along
(Table 2):

1. Filipino Value System : Pamantayan (Pagannurutan -46 %) ; Asal


(Galad-32%); Diwa (Panunot - 32%); and Halaga (Kinapateg -32 %)

2. Social Acceptance : Pakikisama (Pannakikadua-54%), Pakiramdam


(Panakipagrikna-54%); Pakikipagkapwa-Tao (Pannakilangen -
54%);Palakasan (Pinnigsaan -54%); Pakiusap (Panagpakpakaasi -54%)
;and Sakop (Sapasap -10%)

3. Cultural Reciprocity : Pakikiramay (Panakipagladingit - 24%);


Mapagmalasakit (Manikapagsakit -18%); Kagandahang Loob
(Kinasayaat ti ugali -16%); and Mabuting Loob (Nasayaat a tao -54%)
4. Nonrationalism : Bahala (Makaammo ditan -54%) ;
Tadhana (Gasat -54%); Gulong ng Palad (Gasat ti biag -
40%)

5. Personalism : Lakas ang loob (Kinatured -28%);


Maluwag ang Loob (Nalag-an ti rikna-14 %); Kagandahan
Loob( Kinasayaat ti ugali -16%) Mapagkaloob
(Managparabor -30%); Saloobin (Karirikna -38%); Tapat na
Kalooban Kinasayaat ti ugali (16%); Masama ang loob
Nasakit ti nakem (38%); and Masasamang
loob.Managdakdakes (40%)

6. Culturally Challenged Filipino Traits: Ningas Kigon


(Nalaing laeng iti damo -8%); Amor Propio( Panangipateg
ti bagi -8%); Probinsiyano (Tagaaw-away -54%); Burong
Talangka (Manangidadanes -12%)
3. Assessment of the Contextual Acceptability of the Varied
Interpretations of the Sociological Concepts and
Terminologies

On Filipino Value System (Table 3a) . It shows a very highly


acceptable assessment of the contextual acceptability on the Ilokano
translation of the sociological terminologies and concepts along
pamantayan (pagannurutan :X-4.45); asal( galad: X-4.78); diwa
(panunot: X-4.69); and halaga (kinapateg: X-4.57)

This has no deviation from the previous research study in the


result of the Filipino Value System in MTBE of 2011. However, there
are some interesting findings on the sociological terms in this study :
1) The pamantayan in now a settled issue as to the degree of
contextual acceptability from the translation of pagbatayan (4
%) which is in rank 4 ( X-3.78) while patakaran (4%) which is in
rank 3 ( X-3.94). The respondents gave higher contextual
acceptability in patakaran than pagbatayan. In addition to these
terms, they also included the paglintegan in this area.
2) The asal has the same finding as to the contextual
acceptability rank in the previous study.
3) The diwa in its degree of conceptual acceptability from
the translation of kaipapanan (4%) which is in rank 4
(X-2.73) while Anag/Ispiritu (2%) which is in rank 3 (X-3.75) .
4) The halaga in its degree of conceptual acceptability from the
translation of presyo (4%) which is in rank 4 ( X-2.13) while
Gatad which is in rank 3 (X-3.00)
The change of rank provides the concrete meaning and
usage of the Ilokano term as to the degree of the contextual
acceptability in the identified sociological concepts. This
validates the qualitative interpretation about the findings on
the National Filipino Perspective of Culture in the variable of
Pamantayan.
O n he Social Acceptance. It shows a very highly acceptable
assessment of the contextual acceptability on the Ilokano
translation of the sociological terminologies and concepts
along pakikisama (pannakikadua :X-4.95); pakikiramdam
(panakipagrikna : X- 4.51); pakikipagkapwa-tao (pinakilangen :
X-4.92); palakasan (pinnigsaan: X-4.87); and sakop (sapasap:
X- 4.87)
All of the items of the common usage of social acceptance
have the same finding sas to the contextual acceptability and
rank in the previous study in the result of the Filipino Value
System in MTBE of 2011. However, the respondents added
sociological terminologies relevant to this study:
1. The pakikiramdam with one Ilokano meaning
panakipagrikna has included pannakisimpatiya and
pannakisakit as the sympathetic attitude for those person
who suffered deep emotional trouble in life.
2. The palakasan included interesting Ilokano word as
panagsipsip by giving good impressions about the
person which deeply result to destroying the image of
someone he/she does not like. This is also a negative
public relation for personal motive or interest of giving
something favorable to a person.
3. The pakiusap added the humble action as
panagkumbaba when you want something as a favor to
another person.
4. The sakop included weird but acceptable Filipino
philosophy of term turay.
On Cultural Reciprocity (Table 3c) . It shows a very highly
acceptable assessment of the contextual acceptability on the
Ilokano translation of the sociological terminologies and
concepts along pakikiramay (Panakipagladingit :X-4.87);
mapagmalasakit (Manakipagsakit : X- 4.73);kagandahang loob
(Kinasayaat ti ugali : X-4.58); mabuting loob (nasayaat a tao: X-
4.86).

There is a consistency as to the contextual acceptability


based on the framework of the study identified MTB-MLE study
except the Ilokano term pakikiramay with low evel of
acceptability on pannakaliday. It is more acceptable to use the
term panakipaladingit, panakipagrikna, panakitulong,and
pannakisaranay. On the other hand, the manangrikna
(panakipagrikna is acceptable to pakikiramay) may not be highly
acceptable term in mapagmalasakit. The acceptable terms are
manakipagsakit, manangaasi and mannakitinnulong.
On Non Rationalism (Table 3d) . It shows a very highly
acceptable assessment of the contextual acceptability on
the Ilokano translation of the sociological terminologies in
tadhana ( gasat: X-4.35) and gulong ng palad (pinagtulid ti
gasat: X-4.68).
The respondents may not seem to accept the
sociological translation of bahala na into the Ilocano terms
as makaammo ditan ( X- 1.47) and Uray aniak mapasamak
( X 1.70). However, some of the respondents suggested
makaammo ti dios ditan. They also suggested other Ilokano
term for tadhana as suerte, and gulong ng palad as
panagbaliw ti rupa ni gasat and panagbaliw ti biag.
On Cultural Reciprocity (Table 3d). It shows a very highly
acceptable assessment of the contextual acceptability on the
Ilokano translation of the sociological terminologies in lakas ng
loob (kinatured: X-4.75); maluwag ang loob (nalag-an ti
rikna:4.54); kagandahan loob(kinasayaat ti ugali: X- 4.77)
mapagkaloob (managparabor:X-4.78); saloobin(karirikna:X-
4.69); tapat na kalooban (napudno a rikna: X- 4.67);saloobin
(karirikna:X-4.69); tapat na kalooban (napudno a rikna: X-4:67);
masama ang loob (nasakit ti nakem: X-4.47); and masasamang
loob (managdakdakes:X-4.50).
Majority of the respondents similarly accepted to the Ilocano
translation of the sociological terms of personalism , except the
slight changes in the rankings of culture. The respondents have
the lowest assessment as to the mapagkaloob with
manakipagrikna. The favorable Ilocano translations of this
personal value are managparabor , manangited, and
managsagot.
On Culturally Challenged Filipino Traits (Table 3e) .It
shows a very highly acceptable assessment of the
contextual acceptability on the Ilokano translation of the
sociological terminologies in ningas kugon (nalaing laeng
iti damdamo: X- 4.82); amor propio (panangipateg ti bagi:
X- 4.52); probinsiyano ( tagaaw-away: X- 4.75) ;and burong
talangka (manangidadanes: X- 4.42) .
Majority of the respondents similarly accepted to the
Ilocano translation of the sociological terms of culturally
challenged Filipino traits, however, the non-acceptable
terms of makaamo ditan ( as applied in bahala na) in
ningas kugon. The respondents interpreted the burong
talanka mentality more on the Ilokano term
panangipababa ti pada a tao.
D. The List of the Contextual Accepted in the Sociological
Concepts and Terminologies Relevant to the Study of the
MTB-MLE in the Tertiary Education
1. There is a very highly acceptable assessment of the contextual
acceptability on the Ilokano translation of the sociological
terminologies and concepts on Filipino Value System along
pamantayan (pagannurutan :X-4.45); asal ( galad: X-4.78); diwa
(panunot: X-4.69); and halaga (kinapateg: X-4.57)..
2. There is a very highly acceptable assessment of the contextual
acceptability on the Ilokano translation of the sociological
terminologies and concepts on Social Acceptance along
pakikisama (pannakikadua :X-4.95); pakikiramdam
(panakipagrikna : X- 4.51); pakikipagkapwa-tao(pinakilangen :
X-4.92); palakasan (pinnigsaan: X-4.87); and sakop (sapasap:
X- 4.87).
3. There is a very highly acceptable assessment of the contextual
acceptability on the Ilokano translation of the sociological
terminologies and concepts on Cultural Reciprocity along
pakikiramay (Panakipagladingit :X-4.87); mapagmalasakit
(Manakipagsakit : X- 4.73);kagandahang loob (Kinasayaat ti
ugali : X-4.58); mabuting loob (nasayaat a tao: X-4.86)
4. There is a very highly acceptable assessment of the contextual
acceptability on the Ilokano translation of the sociological
terminologies on Non Rationalism along tadhana ( gasat: X-
4.35) and gulong ng palad (pinagtulid ti gasat: X-4.68).

5. There is a very highly acceptable assessment of the contextual


acceptability on the Ilokano translation of the sociological
terminologies and concepts on Personalism along lakas ng loob
(kinatured: X-4.75); maluwag ang loob (nalag-an ti rikna:4.54);
kagandahan loob(kinasayaat ti ugali: X- 4.77) mapagkaloob
(managparabor:X-4.78); saloobin(karirikna:X- 4.69); tapat na
kalooban (napudno a rikna: X- 4.67);saloobin (karirikna:X-4.69);
tapat na kalooban (napudno a rikna: X-4:67); masama ang loob
(nasakit ti nakem: X-4.47); and masasamang loob
(managdakdakes:X-4.50).

6. There is a very highly acceptable assessment of the contextual


acceptability on the Ilokano translation of the sociological
terminologies and on Culturally Challenged Filipino Traits in
ningas kugon (nalaing laeng iti damdamo: X- 4.82); amor propio
(panangipateg ti bagi: X- 4.52); probinsiyano ( tagaaw-away: X-
4.75) ;and burong talangka (manangidadanes: X- 4.42) .
Findings and Conclusion
1. The profile of the respondents in terms of age, position/designation
and place of residence.

1.1 The majority of the respondents have age range of below 25 (28
respondents or
32.94 percent),this is followed by age range of 35-39 ( 22 respondents or
25.88 percent) .

2. The current translation of the sociological concepts of the national


perspective of culture as responded in key informants as the accepted
meaning of term in the Ilokano language.

2.1 On Filipino Value System : Pamantayan (Pagannurutan -46 %) ;


Asal (Galad-32%); Diwa (Panunot - 32%); and Halaga (Kinapateg -32 %)

2.2 On Social Acceptance : Pakikisama (Pannakikadua-54%),


Pakiramdam (Panakipagrikna-54%); Pakikipagkapwa-Tao
(Pannakilangen -54%);Palakasan (Pinnigsaan -54%); Pakiusap
(Panagpakpakaasi -54%) ;and Sakop (Sapasap -10%)
2.3 On Cultural Reciprocity : Pakikiramay (Panakipagladingit
- 24%); Mapagmalasakit (Manikapagsakit -18%);
Kagandahang Loob (Kinasayaat ti ugali -16%); and
Mabuting Loob (Nasayaat a tao -54%)
2.4 On Nonrationalism : Bahala (Makaammo ditan -54%) ;
Tadhana (Gasat -54%); Gulong ng Palad (Gasat ti biag -
40%)
2.5On Personalism : Lakas ang loob (Kinatured -28%);
Maluwag ang Loob (Nalag-an ti rikna-14 %); Kagandahan
Loob( Kinasayaat ti ugali -16%) Mapagkaloob
(Managparabor -30%); Saloobin (Karirikna -38%); Tapat
na Kalooban Kinasayaat ti ugali (16%); Masama ang loob
Nasakit ti nakem (38%); and Masasamang
loob.Managdakdakes (40%)
2.6 On Culturally Challenged Filipino Traits: Ningas Kigon
(Nalaing laeng iti damo -8%); Amor Propio(
Panangipateg ti bagi -8%); Probinsiyano (Tagaaw-away -
54%); Burong Talangka (Manangidadanes -12%)
The Sociological Concepts and
Terminologies of Culture Along the Mother
Tongue-Based Education Program in
Tertiary Education
By
Christopher F. Bueno,Ph.D.
Joselito de la Rosa,MPA
Eden A. Bueno, MAEd
5. Assessment the contextual acceptability of the varied
interpretations of the sociological concepts and
terminologies along:
5.1 On Filipino Value System . This has no deviation from the
previous research study in the result of the Filipino Value System
in MTBE of 2011. However, there are some interesting findings
on the sociological terms in this study that the pamantayan in
now a settled issue as to the degree of contextual acceptability
from the translation of pagbatayan (4 %) which is in rank 4 ( X-
3.78) while patakaran (4%) which is in rank 3 ( X-3.94).

5.2 On Social Acceptance .All of the items of the common


usage of social acceptance have the same findings as to the
contextual acceptability and rank in the previous study in the
result of the Filipino Value System in MTBE of 2011. However, the
respondents added sociological terminologies relevant to this
study that the pakikiramdam with one Ilokano meaning
panakipagrikna has included pannakisimpatiya and
pannakisakit as the sympathetic attitude for those person who
suffered deep emotional trouble in life
5.3On Cultural Reciprocity .There is a consistency as to
the contextual acceptability based on the framework of the
study identified MTB-MLE study except the Ilokano term
pakikiramay with low evel of acceptability on pannakaliday.
It is more acceptable to use the term panakipaladingit,
panakipagrikna, panakitulong,and pannakisaranay. On the
otherhand, the manangrikna (panakipagrikna is acceptable
to pakikiramay) may not be highly acceptable term in
mapagmalasakit.
5.4 On Non Rationalism. The respondents may not seem
to accept the sociological translation of bahala na into the
Ilocano terms as makaammo ditan ( X- 1.47) and Uray aniak
mapasamak ( X 1.70). However, some of the respondents
suggested makaammo ti dios ditan
5.5 On Personalism . Majority of the respondents similarly
accepted to the Ilocano translation of the sociological terms
of personalism , except the slight changes in the rankings of
culture. The respondents have the lowest assessment as to
the mapagkaloob with manakipagrikna. The favorable
Ilocano translations of this personal value are
managparabor , manangited, and managsagot.
5.6 On Culturally Challenged Filipino Traits . Majority
of the respondents similarly accepted to the Ilocano
translation of the sociological terms of culturally
challenged Filipino traits, however, the non-acceptable
term of makaamo ditan ( as applied in bahala na) in
ningas kugon. The respondents interpreted the burong
talanka mentality more on the Ilokano term
panangipababa ti pada a tao.
6. The list of the contextual accepted in the sociological
concepts and terminologies relevant to the study of the
Mother Language –Based Education in the tertiary
education.
6.1 There is a very highly acceptable assessment of the contextual
acceptability on the Ilokano translation of the sociological
terminologies and concepts on Filipino Value System along
pamantayan (pagannurutan :X-4.45); asal ( galad: X-4.78); diwa
(panunot: X-4.69); and halaga (kinapateg: X-4.57).
6.2 There is a very highly acceptable assessment of the contextual
acceptability on the Ilokano translation of the sociological
terminologies and concepts on Social Acceptance along pakikisama
(pannakikadua :X-4.95); pakikiramdam (panakipagrikna : X- 4.51);
pakikipagkapwa-tao(pinakilangen : X-4.92); palakasan (pinnigsaan:
X-4.87); and sakop (sapasap: X- 4.87).
6.3 There is a very highly acceptable assessment of the contextual
acceptability on the Ilokano translation of the sociological
terminologies and concepts on Cultural Reciprocity along
pakikiramay (Panakipagladingit :X-4.87); mapagmalasakit
(Manakipagsakit : X- 4.73);kagandahang loob (Kinasayaat ti ugali :
X-4.58); mabuting loob (nasayaat a tao: X-4.86)
6.4 There is a very highly acceptable assessment of the contextual
acceptability on the Ilokano translation of the sociological
terminologies on Non Rationalism along tadhana ( gasat: X-4.35) and
gulong ng palad (pinagtulid ti gasat: X-4.68).
6.5 There is a very highly acceptable assessment of the contextual
acceptability on the Ilokano translation of the sociological
terminologies and concepts on Personalism along lakas ng loob
(kinatured: X-4.75); maluwag ang loob (nalag-an ti rikna:4.54);
kagandahan loob(kinasayaat ti ugali: X- 4.77) mapagkaloob
(managparabor:X-4.78); saloobin(karirikna:X- 4.69); tapat na kalooban
(napudno a rikna: X- 4.67);saloobin (karirikna:X-4.69); tapat na
kalooban (napudno a rikna: X-4:67); masama ang loob (nasakit ti
nakem: X-4.47); and masasamang loob (managdakdakes:X-4.50).
6.6. There is a very highly acceptable assessment of the
contextual acceptability on the Ilokano translation of the
sociological terminologies and on Culturally Challenged
Filipino Traits in ningas kugon (nalaing laeng iti damdamo:
X- 4.82); amor propio (panangipateg ti bagi: X- 4.52);
probinsiyano ( tagaaw-away: X- 4.75) ;and burong talangka
(manangidadanes: X- 4.42)
Recommendations

1. Given by the extensive conduct of the social researches in the MLE Integration
on the Ilocano Translation of the National Filipino Perspectives of Culture, it is
recommended that the sociological terms and concepts be used in sociology and
anthropology classes in tertiary education to fully appreciate the
“pannagtagikua” in the Ilocano translations along (1) Filipino value system;(2)
social acceptance; (3) cultural reciprocity ;(4) non rationalism;(5) personalism
and (6) culturally challenged Filipino traits.

2. The social science faculty should now utilized relevant sociological and
anthropological researches to complement the four-fold functions of the
university that researches are utilized to enhance instruction and shared by the
stakeholder ( as extension function) and production in the process of the
capacity building programs that will ensure to the sustainability of passing the
accreditation in the interplay of the research-extension program of the
university.

3. The university is in the heart of the UNESO Heritage City of Vigan and the
primary development thrust of the University is cultural heritage, hence , it is
highly recommended to conduct social science researches in relation to Ilokano
culture and heritage through interdisciplinary approach. It may also utilized the
descriptive research, phenomenological research and exploratory research with
the other field of discipline in sciences.
4. It is recommended to have a follow up study in order
to utilize the phases of research sustainability in social
science and public administration with the following papers :
On Filipino Values System. It is a social science research in
philosophy, education, public administration, anthropology
and sociology to study the sociological concepts of
pamantayan (pagannurutan); asal (galad ); diwa (panunot);
and halaga (kinapateg).
1) The Pagannurutan, Galad, Panunot and Kinapateg : Its
Ethical and Moral Essence of the Ilokano Society .
2) The Ar-arauan Philosophy (exclusively by Dr. Ferdinand
Lamarca)
On Social Acceptance. It is a social science research in political science,
education,public administration, philosophy, and sociology to study the
sociological concepts of Pannagkikadua , Panakipagrikna, Pinakilangen,
Pinnigsaan and Sapasap.
1. The Cultural Perspectives of Social Acceptance on the Constructive
Socialization and Interaction of the Society.
2. The Filipino Cultural Concept of Sakop : The Ilokano Perspectives of
Sapasap ,Seknan, Lakon , Karaman and Turay
3. The Ilokano Political and Cultural View of Pannagkikadua ,
Panakipagrikna, Pinakilangen,and Pinnigsaan
4. The Phenomenology of Filipino Corruption
On Cultural Reciprocity. It is a social science research in political science,
philosophy, and sociology to study the sociological concepts of
Panakipagladingit , Manikapagsakit, Kinasayaat ti ugali and Nasayaat a tao .

1 The Ilokano Human Compassion of Panakipagladingit , and


Manikapagsakit.
2. The Political Motive and Interest on Cultural Reciprocity of the Ilokano
Society
3. The Cultural Practice of the Debt of Gratitude and Reciprocity : The
Ilokano Realm of the Utang a Naimbag A Nakem
On Nonrationalism : It is a social science research in political science,
philosophy, and sociology to study the sociological concepts of Bahala (Makaammo
ditan ) , Gasat ,and Gasat ti biag
1 The Ilokano Fatalistic Belief of Bahala na
2. The Ilokano Beliefs on Fate and Destiny of Gasat ti Biag.

On Personalism. It is a social science research in political science, philosophy,


and sociology to study the sociological concepts of Kinatured, Nalag-an ti rikna,
Kinasayaat ti ugali, Managparabor , Karirikna , Kinasayaat ti ugali, Nasakit ti
nakem and Managdakdakes
1 The Ilokano Compassion on Kinatured, Nalag-an ti Rikna and Kinasayaat ti
Ugali
2 The Ethical and Moral Implications of Personalism in Managdakdakes and
Masama ang Loob

On Culturally Challenged Filipino Traits. It is a social science research in


political science, philosophy, and sociology to study the sociological concepts of
Nalaing laeng iti damo, Panangipateg ti bagi,Tagaaw-away and Manangidadanes
.1. The Ilokano Attitude of the Culturally Challenged Filipino trait on Nalaing
Laeng iti Damo
.2 The Burong Talangka Mentality : Its Ilokano Metaphysical View of
Managidadaness
3 The Filipino Constructive Trait of Tagaaw-Away
BIBLIOGRAPHY :
Bueno, Christopher F. (2010) The basic phenomenological experience
on the values of cultural reciprocity along the notion of “ naimbag-a-
nakem. Nakem International Philippine Chapter. Presented during
the 5th Nakem International Conference with the theme “ Adal ken
Sirib: Education to Cultural Diversity and Linguistic Democracy”
hosted by the University of Northern Philippines, UNESCO Heritage
City of Vigan, December 16-18,2010
Bueno, Christopher F., et. al. ( 2011) The Mother Language education
(MLE) integration on the Ilocano translations of the national Filipino
perspectives of culture.Nakem International Philippine Chapter.
Presented during the 6th National International Conference with
theme “Sursuro : Mother Language Education and Cultural
Nationalism” hosted by Ifugao State University at Banaue Hotel,
Banaue, Ifugao, Philippines on May 23-25.
Bueno, Christopher F. (2012) The phenomenological account of the
“naimbag-a-nakem”along the sociological, anthropological and
behavioural approach of the society.University of Bicol. Presented
during the International Academic Colloquim with the theme
“Reforms and Innovations in Higher Education towards Sustainable
Development and Productivity” held at Concourse Convention
Center, Legaspi on October 11-13.

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