RESEARCH PROJECT

EFFECTS OF MYOPIA TOWARDS STUDENTS

 RATIONALE

Overview
Myopia or nearsightedness is considered as a refracted error of the eye. It makes a person to have normal vision in close or
moderate distances while distorted or blurry in longer or further. In a myopia-affected person, he or she can clearly read books or
read at his computer screen very easy but difficult in reading signs or posters far away. The cause for this is the abnormal reshaping
of the eyes in an oval-shaped structure. Since the eyes have grown long, the light waves are now focused in front of the retina in
where naturally it would be in front of it. There are cases that the eyes have different magnitudes of their errors. This condition’s
causes are widely unknown but there are strong an selective theories and hypothesis present in modern medicine.
According to numerous statistical surveys, most people that are affected with myopia are mostly teenagers; in majority of
them are students. The affected students have acute or severe conditions that affect them. The acutely affected ones are mostly
unaware of their conditions. There are slight differences as seeing normal or not, due to time the conditions might get worse if left
unattended. Students must be aware for their own optical health for their own mitigation.
Cebu Technological University Carmen Campus, an institution has numerous myopic students, faculty members and school
personnel. Considerable amounts are using correctional lenses and still pursue studying regardless of its effects even lensesare
present. An observable amount can also be found in where they have minor symptoms of myopia, like copying notes and reading
writings in distances. In this research, the following effects will be discussed and shown both socially and personally.
MYOPIC-EYE DIAGRAM
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1. The researcher aims to gather detailed information in the effects of myopia

towards students in the institution. This study primarily determines and
focuses on:
2. To know the different effects of myopia and to enumerate the symptoms.
3. To identify the effects in school grades and performance
4. To state the effects in a respondent’s perspective in social and personal
perception.
 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
The prevalence of myopia has been increasing substantially in recent decades and continues to be on the rise. In fact, it has been
estimated that by 2050 around 50% of the world’s population (~ 2 billion people) would be myopic.1 the mechanisms involved in
myopia onset and progression remain unclear. Several theories, including (1) lag of accommodation; (2) mechanical tension; and (3)
peripheral refraction have been proposed to explain the aetiology behind myopia progression, 2 with the latter theory being the
most popular currently (Figure 1). This document aims at providing a brief summary of the different and most commonly accepted
theories used to explain how myopia progresses.
Over the last two decades, three main theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms behind myopia onset and
development, although none of them have been able to fully explain the rationale behind myopia progression, suggesting the
condition involves complex physiological and biological processes which are affected by environmental and genetic factors. There
is some overlapping between the theories as the three share assumptions in common indicating that perhaps these theories might
not be exclusive of each other to explain how myopia progresses. Research efforts by laboratories throughout the world are
underway into the biological, neurophysiological and environmental bases for myopia onset and development that will help in
mapping pathways to effective therapy.
Prepared by
Dr. Jacinto Santodomingo-Rubido
Clinical Affairs Manager & Senior Research Scientist
Menicon Co., Ltd
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jacinto_Santodomingo-
Rubido/publication/317762239_Theories_Behind_Myopia_Progression/links/594bb3a6a6fdcc3bb5ceda1e/Theories-Behind-Myopia-
Progression.pdf
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• Location. Cebu Technological University Carmen Campus is a state university that

has been recently been established. The university is located at RM Durano
Avenue in Poblacion, Carmen, Cebu. This university has been considered as a
premier school for several disciplines
• Participants. Senior High Students of CTU Carmen Campus that are having
nearsightedness in both diagnosed and to only who experiences symptoms
• Instruments. The main instrument is the researcher itself. A guide question has
been used and a phone recorder used for in-depth interviews.
 REFERENCES
• Dolgin E., The Myopia Boom, 2015
• Bullimore M., Myopia Control: The Time Is Now, 2014
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
• The purpose of this research is for it to be able to compile and state a
proper viewpoint of the effects and this disorder
• To the medical field, for it to be able to contribute in further research
• To the students, for them to be aware the importance of their own optical
health
• To the faculty and parents, for them to be aware and to guide their
children and students
DATA PRESENTATION
 DATA COLLECTED

• RESPONDENTS ARE BOTHERED IN WAYS OF STUDYING. LIKE IN COPYING NOTES

AND THE LIKE.
• SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS ARISES WHEN WEARING LENSES
• ALL SYMPTOMS ARE SIMILAR TO ALL MYOPIC PEOPLE
• THERE ARE NO VARIATIONS IN MYOPIA AND IT ONLY DIFFERS IN INTENSITY OF
THE SYMPTOMS
• COMMON SYMPTOMS ARE HEADACHES, NAUSEA AND BLURRY EYE SIGHT
 Effects of myopia
After the sufficient research. It complied sufficient and significant data for the process of this
research. The respondent and other references were enough to allow the research to be complete.
Findings
• The symptoms are similar to every victim of this disorder but only differs in the intensity and
frequency. Visual related changes are considered the primary bases in proving the disorder without
any equipment and professionals involved
• There are distinct types of people that are affected. Some have mild, moderate, and intense
effects. Mild affected people are less reliant in correctional lenses while the intensely affected
people are more.
Conclusion
• Therefore, myopia is only different in the intensity of the condition and the frequency of the
symptoms and does not have any variations or another type of myopia based in this study
Recommendation
• Identifying or noticing a myopia would be easier. There is no need for identifying a variation.
 Different effects and symptoms

Findings
• Nearsightedness have common effects to all it’s victim, blurry eyesight
• Symptoms are also common to everyone who are affected. Symptoms like blurry eyesight,
headaches and nausea
Conclusion
• Therefore, myopia is common to all it’s victims and does not have any variation.
Recommendation
• Since these symptoms are present in other diseases, be cautious in taking medications to
avoid misusage of drugs.
 Effects in school grades and performance
Findings
• To those who have not acquired correctional lenses, there are not much any effects but
only rare cases of blurring of class board writings.
• To those who acquired, there are no changes or whatsoever.
• To those people who copy during exams, severe grade loss occurs due to the difficulty in
copying with blurry eyesight
Conclusion
• Therefore, students are not affected in major cases. Only minor difficulties in school are
observe basing in school grades.
Recommendation
• Students with disorders must be given special treatments in certain cases, but not in a
way of mocking.
 Effects in a student’s perspective in social
and personal perception
Findings
• To those who have low self-esteem, they are having difficulties in adjusting their physical
appearance with correctional lenses
• There are frequent mistakes like assumption of being called in public places and also calling
random people who are mistakenly assumed as an acquaintance
Conclusion
• Therefore, students have adjustment periods in acquiring lenses and have occasional mistakes in
public areas.
Recommendation
• Others should be more considerate to people with myopia since they are lacking in what normal
people have.
 Theory
Findings
• The theory stated the anatomical causes of myopia. With the effects
gathered by this research, it is reasonable that these are related
Conclusion
• Therefore, the theory is evident and is related to this research
Recommendation
• The theory shall be pursued and be further studied to it’s possible
contributions
 REFERENCES

• http://www.rnib.org.uk/eye-health-eye-conditions-z-eye-
conditions/myopia-and-high-degree-myopia
• http://www.themidwestcenterforsight.com/myopia-hyperopia-and-
astigmatism.html
ANNEXES
 SAMPLE LETTER
INFORMED CONSENT FOR THE PARENT

I, _____________________________________, let my child, _______________________ to be interviewed for the project entitled ____________________
which is being produced by ___________________of _______________________.

I certify that I have been told of the confidentiality of information collected for this project and the anonymity of my daughter’s participation; that I have
been given satisfactory answers to my inquiries concerning project procedures and other matters; and that I have been advised that I am free to
withdraw my consent and to discontinue my daughter’s participation in the project or activity at any time without prejudice.

I agree that my daughter will participate in one or more electronically recorded interviews for this project. I understand that such interviews and related
materials will be kept completely anonymous, and that the results of this study may be published in an academic journal or book.

I agree that any information obtained from this research may be used in any way thought best for this study.

________________________________________ Date ________________________

Signature of the Parent

If you cannot obtain satisfactory answers to your questions or have comments or complaints about your treatment in this interview, contact:
 SAMPLE GUIDE QUESTIONS

• What are your latest medical records?

• Are you diagnosed with myopia? If not, do you know anybody?
• Have you tried using correctional lenses?
• Can you share your experiences?
• Do you know someone that you might know their experience?
• What is your advice to those who are affected and not?
• In what way does it affect your studies? Recreation? Social interaction?
 CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Vincent Angelo Bueno
Home Address: Baring, Carmen, Cebu, Philippines
Work Address: not applicable
Email: bvincentangelo16@gmail.com
_______________________________________________________________________________
PERSONAL DATA
Nationality: Filipino
Sex: Male
Date of Birth: January 1, 2001
Place of Birth: Cebu Maternity Hospital
_______________________________________________________________________________
EDUCATION
2017 - Present Cebu Technological University- Carmen Campus
R. M. Durano Avenue, Poblacio, Carmen, Cebu, Philippines
Senior High School
Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics
2013 - 2017 Cebu Academy
Poblacion, Carmen, Cebu, Philippines
Junior High School
Grade 7 - Grade 10

2007 – 2013 Cebu Academy

Poblacion Carmen Cebu
Elementary level and pre-school
Kinder 1 – Grade 6