ASPHALT

• Is also known as bitumen, its sticky, black, high

vicious liquid and or semi-solid form of petroleum

• Its primary use in road construction and other

use as a sealant rooftops
HISTORY OF ASPHALT
• 5th Millennium B.C asphalt is used as a
waterproofing and as an adhesive for baskets in
early Indus valley sites.
• 625 B.C. first recorded use of asphalt as a road
building material in Babylon.
• 1295 European exploring the new world
discovered natural deposit of asphalt. Sir Water
Raleigh described a “plan” (or lake) of asphalt on
the island of Trinidad, near Venezuela. He uses it
for re-caulking his ships.
• 1870 Belgian Chemical Edmund J. Desemdt laid
the first true asphalt pavement in the US
• 1990 the first modern asphalt facility was built in
1901 by Warren Brothers in east Cambridge
• 1995 The national Bituminous Concrete
Association was founded.
• 1986 NAPA (National Asphalt Pavement
Association) established the national center for
asphalt technology.
 PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT
• ADHESIVE
• WATERPROOF
• HARDNESS
• VISCOUS
• ELASTIC
 CHARACTERIZATION OF ASPHALT

• Flash Point – temperature at which a

substance will ignite with an open
flame
• Rolling thin film oven – indicator of
the aging effect of short term high
temperature when producing acc.
• Viscosity – rotational viscometer
measure the viscous at a standard
temperature (135)
• Complex shear modulus – dynamics
shear rheometer
• Flexural creep – bending beam
rheometer measure creep stiffness
TENSILE STRENGTH
Table 2. Asphalt Characterization tests

Test Standard [21] Result

Penetration ASTM D 5-97 62 (1/10 mm)
Ductility ASTM D 113-99 115 cm
Viscosity ASTM D2170-95 1550 poises
Softening point ASTM D 36-95 43 °C
Flash and fire point ASTM D 3143-98 220 °C and 225 °C
TYPES OF ASPHALT
• Rolled asphalt – typically composed 5%
asphalt/bitumen cement and 95% aggregate (stone,
gravel and sand)
• Different Mixes of Rolled asphalt
• Hot mix asphalt concrete – procure at a
temperature between 150 and 190 °C. Hmac is
the form of asphalt concrete most commonly
used on high traffic pavement such as those on
major highway, racetrack, airfield.
• Warm mix asphalt concrete - a typical wma is
produced at a temperature around 20 – 40 °C
lower than an equivalent hot mix asphalt. Less
energy is involved and during the paving
operation, the temperature in the mix is lower,
resulting in improved working conditions for
the crew and an earlier opening of the road.
• Mastic asphalt – a type of asphalt which differ from
dense graded asphalt in that it has higher
asphalt/bitumen content usually around 7-10% of
the whole aggregate mix as opposed to rolled
asphalt concrete. Widely used in the building
industry for waterproofing flat roof and tanking
underground.
• Porous asphalt – develop and plan a new tooling
their toolbox for managing storm water. These
pavement used mostly for parking lots, allow water
to drain through the pavement surface into a stone
recharge bed and infiltrate into the soils below the
pavement.
• Advantage and Disadvantage
Category Asphalt Concrete
Cost Cost less starts at about 2$ to More expensive, 3$ to 10$ per
5$ per square foot square foot. Decoration
element drive price higher
Curing Can drive asphalt almost Wait for 7 days before driving
immediately on it
Unkeep More maintenance, but its Less maintenance but repairs
easier to do more difficult
Cracking Easier to repair cracks and Patching more obvious, may
holes can be filled and sealed need expensive repair
Weather Shrink and expand as the Cracks under extreme pressure
temperature changes or surface movement
Off & Cas Old leaks not as noticeable but Oil and Gas Leaves obvious
gasoline will cause damage stained than asphalt
Longetivity Up to 20 years Up to 30 years
TESTING METHODS
• Dsr (dynamic shear rheomete)mainly to evaluate the
stiffness of a binder

• Bbr (Bending Beam Rheometer) to evaluate the low-

temperature properties of bitumen (mainly failure
behavior)
TESTING METHODS

• Rcat (Rotating Cylinder Aging Test) to

stimulate the aging of the bitumen in
asphalt mixture

• Mscrt (Multiple Stress Creep Recovery

Test) to evaluate resistance to rutting.

• Force-ductility to evaluate cohesion in

traction
TESTING METHODS

• Wheel tracking test to

determine the resistance to
rutting of asphalt mixture.

• Triaxial test to determine the

resistance to permanent
deformation of asphalt
mixture.