Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
www.huawei.com
2.75G
2.5G 1 Mbps
EDGE+
384kbps
2G 115 kbps
EDGE
GSM
Later the Low-Power BTS joins the system for getting a better service
area with high capacity . At the same time it adopts the frequency
reuse technique to improve the efficiency of the frequency utilization
and also the whole capacity of the network.
Time
GSM 900
Uplink Downlink
DCS 1800
Frequency
Frequency Downlink
Range (MHz) Uplink Frequency Point
Spectrum Frequency
Available
450.4~457.6
GSM 450 Fu(n)=450.6+0.2(n-259) 259<=n<=293 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+10
460.4~467.6
478.8~486
GSM 480 Fu(n)=479+0.2(n-306) 306<=n<=340 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+10
488.8~496
824~849
GSM 850 Fu(n)=824.2+0.2(n-128) 128<=n<=251 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
869~894
880~915 Fu(n)=890+0.2n 0<=n<=124
E-GSM 900 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
925~960 Fu(n)=890+0.2(n-1024) 975<=n<=1023
890~915 Fu(n)=890+0.2n 0<=n<=124
R-GSM 900 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
921~960 Fu(n)=890+0.2(n-1024) 955<=n<=1023
1850~1910
PCS 1900 Fu(n)=1850.2+0.2(n-512) 512<=n<=810 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+80
1930~1990
BSC
MS HLR/AUC
BTS
PCU
SS7
BSC SMS system
MS
BTS
GPRS Backbone Internet,
SGSN Intranet
GGSN
OMC CG BG
Other PLMN
PSTN
MSC/VLR GMSC ISDN
GSM /GPRS BSS
A
Abis BSC
MS HLR/AUC
BTS C/D/Gs
PCU
SS7
BSC Gb SMS system
MS Um Gr/Gs/Gd/Ge Gc
BTS
GPRS backbone Internet,
SGSN Gi Intranet
Ga GGSN
OMC CG BG
Gp Other PLMN
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3
Timeslot The information carried in one time
slot is called a “burst”
TCH
Traffic Channels
Speech Data
TCH/FS TCH/HS
TCH/9.6 TCH/2.4
TCH Traffic Channel
TCH/FS Full rate Speech
Channel
TCH/HS Half rate Speech
Channel TCH/4.8
TCH/9.6 Data Channel 9.6kb/s
TCH/4.8 Data Channel 4.8kb/s
TCH/2.4
HUAWEI Data Channel
TECHNOLOGIES 2.4Kb/sAll rights reserved
CO., LTD. Page 20
Control Channel (CCH)
CCH (Control Channels)
DCCH BCH
SDCCH ACCH
BCCH Synch. CH.
Power-off
Search for frequency correction burst FCCH
Search for synchronous burst SCH
Extract system information
BCCH
Idle mode
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page24
Contents
1. 3G Overview
2. CDMA Principle
5. WCDMA handover
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page25
Different Service, Different Technology
1G 1980s 2G 1990s 3G
Analog Digital IMT-2000
AMPS GSM
UMTS
CDMA WCDMA
TACS Technologies IS-95 Demands
drive drive cdma
NMT TDMA 2000
IS-136
Others TD-
PDC
SCDMA
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page26
The reason to develop 3G
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page28
The reason to develop 3G
Demands of high speed data service and multimedia service
in radio network: Data service will become the main service in
the future, but 2G system is designed for voice service, its data
rate is too low. If we want support high speed data service, 3G is
necessary.
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page29
3G Objectives
3G is developed to achieve:
Universal frequency band for standard and seamless global
coverage
High spectral efficiency
High quality of service with complete security and reliability
Easy and smoothly transition from 2G to 3G, compatible with 2G
Provide multimedia services, with the rates:
Vehicle environment: 144kbps
Walking environment: 384kbps
Indoor environment: 2Mbps
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page30
3G Evolution
Proposal of 3G
IMT-2000: the general name of third generation mobile
communication system
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page31
3G Spectrum Allocation
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page32
Bands WCDMA Used
Main bands
1920 ~ 1980MHz / 2110 ~ 2170MHz
Supplementary bands: different country maybe different
1850 ~ 1910 MHz / 1930 MHz ~ 1990 MHz (USA)
1710 ~ 1785MHz / 1805 ~ 1880MHz (Japan)
890 ~ 915MHz / 935 ~ 960MHz (Australia)
...
Frequency channel number=central frequency×5, for main
band:
UL frequency channel number :9612~9888
DL frequency channel number : 10562~10838
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page33
3G Application Service
Error
Ratio
conversational
streaming
interactive
background
Time Delay
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page34
3G Application-Conversational and
Background
Video Picture and
Phone Ring tone
download
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page35
3G Application-Streaming
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page36
3G Application-Interactive
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page37
Contents
1. 3G Overview
2. CDMA Principle
5. WCDMA handover
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page38
Multiple Access and Duplex Technology
Multiple Access Technology
Frequency division multiple access (FDMA)
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page39
Multiple Access Technology
FDMA TDMA
Power
Power
CDMA
Power
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page40
Multiple Access and Duplex
Technology
Duplex Technology
Frequency division duplex (FDD)
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page41
Duplex Technology
Power Time
USER 2
FDD USER 1
UL DL
Frequency
Power
Time
DL
USER 2
UL
DL
TDD DL
USER 1
UL
Frequency
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page42
Features of CDMA
High spectrum efficiency: Adjacent cells can be distributed with
same frequency. That is why the spectrum efficiency is very high
and the capacity is also very large in CDMA system. But it also
cause self-interference
Self-interference system: Adjacent cells can be distributed with
same frequency. It cause self-interference, the capacity and
quality of CDMA system will be worse, so many technologies were
invented to control the interference and it is hard to carry out
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page43
Features of CDMA
Security: After spreading, the narrowband signal of the user will
be changed to broadband signal. It is close to noise, only people
who use the same spreading code can revert it.
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page44
Contents
1. 3G Overview
2. CDMA Principle
5. WCDMA handover
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page45
WCDMA Network Version Evolution
MBMS
HSUPA
IMS
CS domain change to HSDPA 3GPP Rel6
GSM/GPRS CN NGN
WCDMA RTT WCDMA RTT 3GPP Rel5
3GPP Rel4
3GPP Rel99
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page46
WCDMA Network Version Evolution
Features of R6
MBMS is introduced
HSUPA is introduced to achieve the service rate up to 5.76Mbps
Features of R7
HSPA+ is introduced, which adopts higher order modulation and MIMO
Max DL rate: 28Mbps, Max UL rate:11Mbps
Features of R8
WCDMA LTE (Long term evolution) is introduced
OFDMA is adopted instead of CDMA
Max UL rate: 50Mbps, Max DL rate: 100Mbps (with 20MHz bandwidth)
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page47
Abbreviation
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page48
WCDMA Network Architecture
CN Core Network
CS PS CS PS
Iu-CS Iu-PS Iu-CS Iu-PS
RNS RNS
Iur
RNC RNC
UTRAN
Iub Iub Iub Iub
Uu
UE
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page49
WCDMA R99 Network Architecture
PSTN
ISDN
MSC/VLR GMSC
GSM /GPRS BSS
BSC
BTS HLR/AUC
PCU
SS7 SCE
RNC SMS
NodeB SCP
GPRS backbone/
Internet,
Intranet
UTRAN SGSN GGSN
CG
BG
Other PLMN
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page50
WCDMA R4 Network Architecture
IP/ATM Backbone
MGW MGW PSTN
ISDN
GSM /GPRS BSS VMSC Server GMSC Server
BSC
BTS HLR/AUC
PCU SCE
SS7
RNC SMS
NodeB SCP
GPRS backbone Internet,
Intranet
SGSN
UTRAN GGSN
CG BG
Other PLMN
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page51
RNL Control Plane Application Protocol
CN
RANAP
RRC RNSAP
UE RNC RNC
NBAP
Node B
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page52
Contents
1. 3G Overview
2. CDMA Principle
5. WCDMA handover
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page53
Processing Procedure of WCDMA System
symbol modulated
bit chip Radio
signal
Channel
Receiver
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page54
Processing Procedure of WCDMA System
Source coding can increase the transmitting efficiency. It make the
signal more efficient.
Channel coding can make the transmission more reliable.
Spreading can increase the capability of overcoming interference.
Through the modulation, the signals will transfer to radio signals
from digital signals.
Bit, Symbol, Chip
Bit : data after source coding
Symbol: data after channel coding and interleaving
Chip: data after spreading
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page55
WCDMA Source Coding
AMR (Adaptive Multi-Rate) CODEC Bit Rate (kbps)
AMR_10.20 10.2
A integrated speech codec with 8
AMR_7.95 7.95
source rates.
AMR_7.40 7.4
The AMR bit rates can be AMR_6.70 6.7
controlled by the RAN depending AMR_5.90 5.9
on the system load and quality of AMR_5.15 5.15
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page56
Processing Procedure of WCDMA System
Transmitte
r
Service Source Channel Coding
Spreading Modulation Transmission
Signal Coding & Interleaving
symbol modulated
bit chip Radio
signal
Channel
Receiver
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page57
WCDMA Channel Coding
Effect
Enhance the correlation among symbols so as to recover the
signal when interference occurs.
Provides better error correction at receiver, but brings
increment of the delay
Channel coding works well against random errors, but not
continuous error.
For continuous error we use Interleaving.
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page58
WCDMA Channel Coding
Types of Channel Coding
No Coding
Convolutional Coding (1/2, 1/3)
No Coding Uncoded N bits
Turbo Coding (1/3) 1/2 Convolutional
Coded 2N+16 bits
Coding
Code Block
of N Bits 1/3 Convolutional Coded 3N+24 bits
Coding
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page59
WCDMA Interleaving
Effect
Interleaving is used to reduce the probability of consecutive bits
error
Longer interleaving periods have better data protection with more
delay
In interleaving we only change the position of bits. We are not adding
any bit in the data.
Continuous error problem can be eased with interleaving, which
spreads the erroneous bits over a longer period of time. By
interleaving, no two adjacent bits are transmitted near to each other,
and the data errors are randomized.
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page60
WCDMA Interleaving
Input bits
0010000 ... 1011
1
0 0 1 0
0 ...
0 0 Interleaving periods:
... ... ... ... 10, 20, 40, or 80 ms
... ... ... 1
0 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 00…010…100…10… Output
Inter- 0 0 0 ...
11 bits
column ... ... ... ...
permutation
... ... ... 1
0 1 1 1
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page61
Processing Procedure of WCDMA System
symbol modulated
bit chip Radio
signal
Channel
Receiver
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page62
Correlation
Correlation measures similarity between any two arbitrary signals.
+1
C1 -1 1 -1 1
-1
+1
Correlation = 1
C2 -1 1 -1 1 Identical
-1
+1
signals
1 1 1 1
+1
C1 -1 1 -1 1
-1
Correlation = 0
+1
C2 1 1 1 1 Orthogonal
+1 signals
-1
-1 1 -1 1
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page63
Spreading principle
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page64
Despreading principle
=UE1×(c1×c1)+UE2×(c2×c1)+UE3×(c3×c1)
=UE1×1+UE2×0+UE3×0
=UE1
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page65
Orthogonal Code Usage - Coding
UE1: +1 -1
UE2: -1 +1
C1 : -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1
C2 : +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1
UE1×c1: -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1 +1 -1
UE2×c2: -1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1
UE1×c1+ UE2×c2: -2 0 -2 0 +2 0 +2 0
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page66
Orthogonal Code Usage - Decoding
UE1×C1+ UE2×C2: -2 0 -2 0 +2 0 +2
0
Dispreading result: -2 0 -2 0 +2 0 +2 0
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page67
Spectrum Analysis of Spreading & Dispreading
P(f) Spreading code
P(f)
f f
P(f)
Narrowband signal Broadband signal
f Spreading code f
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page68
Process Gain
Process Gain
chip rate
Pr ocess Gain 10 log( )
bit rate
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page69
Spreading Technology
Spreading consists of 2 steps:
Channelization operation, which transforms data symbols into chips
channelization scrambling
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page70
WCDMA Channelization Code
OVSF Code (Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor) is used as
channelization code
C ch,8,0 = (1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1)
Cch,4,0 = (1,1,1,1)
C ch,8,1 = (1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1)
C ch,2,0 = (1,1)
C ch,8,2 = (1,1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1)
C ch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)
C ch,8,7 = (1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1)
SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4 SF = 8
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page71
WCDMA Channelization Code
SF = chip rate / symbol rate
High data rates → low SF code
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page72
Scrambling Code
Scrambling code: GOLD sequence.
There are 224 long uplink scrambling codes which are used for
scrambling of the uplink signals. Uplink scrambling codes are
assigned by RNC.
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page73
Purpose of Channelization Code
Channelization code is used to distinguish different physical
channels of one transmitter
For downlink, channelization code ( OVSF code ) is used to
separate different physical channels of one cell
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page74
Purpose of Scrambling Code
Scrambling code is used to distinguish different transmitters
For downlink, scrambling code is used to separate different
cells in one carrier
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page75
Code Multiplexing
Downlink Transmission on a Cell Level
Scrambling code
Channelization NodeB
code 1
User 1 signal
Channelization
code 2
User 2 signal
Channelization
code 3
User 3 signal
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page76
Code Multiplexing
Uplink Transmission on a Cell Level
Scrambling code 1
Channelization
code
User 1 signal
Scrambling code 2
Channelization
code
User 2 signal NodeB
Scrambling code 3
Channelization
code
User 3 signal
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page77
Processing Procedure of WCDMA System
symbol modulated
bit chip Radio
signal
Channel
Receiver
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page78
Modulation Overview
Data to be transmitted:
Digital Input 1 0 1 0
time
Basic steady radio
wave:
carrier = A.cos(2pFt+f)
Amplitude Shift
Keying:
A.cos(2pFt+f)
Frequency Shift
Keying:
A.cos(2pFt+f)
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page79
Modulation Overview
Digital Modulation - BPSK
1 0 1
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Information t
signal
NRZ coding
Digital Input
1
t
-1
High Frequency
Carrier
Carrier
fo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Modulated
BPSK Waveform
f=0 f=p f=0 BPSK BPSK
signal
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page80
Modulation Review
Digital Modulation - QPSK
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NRZ Input 1 1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 -1
I di-Bit Stream 1 -1 -1 1 -1
Q di-Bit Stream 1 1 1 -1 -1
I
Component
Q
Component
QPSK Waveform
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page81
Processing Procedure of WCDMA System
Transmitte
r
Service Source Channel
Spreading Modulation Transmission
Signal Coding Coding
symbol modulated
bit chip Radio
signal
Channel
Receiver
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page82
Wireless Propagation
A mobile communication channel is a multi-path fading channel
and any transmitted signal reaches a receive end by means of
multiple transmission paths, such as direct transmission, reflection,
scatter, etc.
With the moving of a mobile station, the signal amplitude, delay
and phase on various transmission paths vary with time and place.
Therefore, the levels of received signals are fluctuating and
unstable and these multi-path signals, if overlaid, will lead to fast
fading. Fast fading conforms to Rayleigh distribution. The mid-
value field strength of fast fading has relatively gentle change and
is called “slow fading”.
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page83
Wireless Propagation
Transmitted
Signal
Transmission Loss:
Amplitude
Path Loss + Multi-path Fading
Received
Signal
Time
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page84
Propagation of Radio Signal
Signal at Transmitter
20
15
10
5
dBm
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
Signal at Receiver
0
-5
-10
-15
dB
-20
-25
-30
-35 Fading
-40
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page85
Fading Categories
Fading Categories
Slow Fading
Fast Fading
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page86
Diversity Technique
Diversity technology means that after receiving two or more input
signals with mutually uncorrelated fading at the same time, the
system demodulates these signals and adds them up. Thus, the
system can receive more useful signals and overcome fading.
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page87
Diversity
Diversity technology is an effective way to overcome overlaid
fading. It can be selected in terms of frequency, time and space,
diversity technology
Time diversity
Channel coding, Block interleaving
Frequency diversity
The user signal is distributed on the whole bandwidth
frequency spectrum
Space diversity
using two antennas
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page88
Wireless Propagation
Transmitted
Signal
Transmission Loss:
Amplitude
Path Loss + Multi-path Fading
Received
Signal
Time
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page89
Principle of RAKE Receiver
Correlator 1
The
Correlator 2 Combiner combined
signal
Receive set
Correlator 3
t t
RAKE receiver help to overcome on the multi-path fading and enhance the
receive performance of the system
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page90
Contents
1. 3G Overview
2. CDMA Principle
5. WCDMA handover
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page91
WCDMA handover-Soft handover
Data UE
received/ N o “GAP” of communication
sent
Source BS Target BS
UE move time
Soft handover feature:
Only for CDMA system,happened between intra frequency cell
First establish the link of object cell, then interrupt the link of
source cell to avoid the gap.
Soft handover will take up more system resource than hard
handover
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page92
Concepts about Soft Handover
Soft handover: The signals from different NodeBs are merged
in RNC.
Softer handover: the signals from different cells, but from the
same NodeB are merged in NodeB.
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page93
Soft Handover Flow
There is no handover, only one radio links is connected with UE.
Core Network
RNC
Node B AirBridge
AirBridge
AirBridge
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page94
Softer Handover Flow
Core Network
RNC
Node B AirBridge
AirBridge
AirBridge
Merged in NodeB
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page95
Soft Handover Flow
Core Network
RNC
Node B AirBridge
AirBridge
AirBridge
Merged in RNC
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page96
Soft Handover Flow (SRNC-DRNC)
Core Network
Serving RNC
Drift RNC
Node B
AirBridge
AirBridge
AirBridge
Merged in SRNC
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page97
Soft Handover Flow (SRNC Relocation)
Core Network
RNC
Serving RNC
Node B
AirBridge
AirBridge
AirBridge
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page98
WCDMA handover-hard handover
Data UE
received/ “GAP” of communication
sent
Source BS Target BS
UE move time
Hard handover feature:
First interrupt the link of source cell, then establish the link
of object cell
Gap in the conversation
Non-WCDMA only supply hard handover
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page99
Hard Handover (Intra-RNC)
CN CN
SRNC SRNC
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page100
Summary
In this course, we have discussed basic concepts of WCDMA:
Spreading / Despreading principle
UTRAN Modulation
UTRAN Transmission/Receiving
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page101
Introduction to Wireless
Hardware
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page103
References
“3900 Series Multi-Mode Base Station Product Description”
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page104
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Describe the hardware structure of 3900 series NodeB
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page105
Contents
1. 3900 series NodeB Overview
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page106
3900 series NodeB Position in
UMTS/GSM
UE/MS UTRAN/GBSS CN
Uu/Um
RNC
Iu-CS
Iub CS
A
NodeB3900
Abis
Gb
BSC PS
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page107
HUAWEI 3900 series NodeB
Main Module
Standardized modules shared by all
NodeB types
BBU and MRFU for Micro NodeB
RRU MRFU
BBU
Indoor macro NodeB Indoor macro NodeB Distributed NodeB Outdoor macro NodeB
BTS3900 BTS3900L DBS3900 BTS3900A
1 2 3 4
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page108
BTS3900 System Overview
Single BTS3900 cabinet (–48 V Single BTS3900 cabinet (+24 V Single BTS3900 cabinet (220 V
DC) DC) AC)
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page109
Components of the BTS3900
The BTS3900 consists of the BBU3900, MRFU, and the
indoor macro cabinet. The BBU3900 and the MRFU are
installed in the indoor macro cabinet
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page110
Components of the BTS3900
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
9U R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U
15U
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page111
BTS3900A System Overview
indoor macro
cabinet
BTS3900 BTS3900A
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page112
Components of the BTS3900A
Dimensions (width x depth x
height)
APM30H: 600 mm x 480 mm x 700
mm
Weight
Empty cabinet: 135 kg
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page113
BTS3900L System Overview
The BTS3900L consists of the
BBU3900, RFUs, and indoor macro
cabinet
The BBU3900 and RFUs are installed
in the indoor macro cabinet
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page114
Components of the BTS3900L
1: RFU
2: FAN unit
3: Air inlet
4: DCDU-01
5: BBU
6: Cabling space
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page115
DBS3900 System Overview
DBS3900 components:
BBU3900
Antenna
RRU3908, RRU3804, RRU3008
TMA
RRU3908
RF jumper
Grounding cable
MBSC Feeder
Power cable
RF jumper
CPRI cable
BBU3900
Grounding cable
Trunk cable Power cable
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page116
3900 Series NodeB Logical Structure
+24V DC /220V AC -48V DC
PSU Power
Module
DCDU-01
Iub BBU
RFU
RNC
Baseband Transmission
Control module RF Module
Antenna
Signal Power
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page117
3900 Series NodeB Characteristic
Characteristics
Transport types: E1/T1, FE (electrical port) and FE (optical port)
Transmission types: ATM, IP and hybrids
Synchronization clock sources: Iub interface clock, GPS and
internal clock
Enhanced functions:HSPA+ (High Speed Packet Access+),
MIMO,64QAM, MBMS+ (Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast
Service+), and RAN sharing
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page118
3900 Series NodeB Capacity
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page119
Contents
1. 3900 series NodeB Overview
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page120
Contents
2. 3900 series NodeB Hardware
2.1 Board and Module of the BBU3900
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page121
BBU3900 Physical Structure (UO)
0 WBBP/UTRP 4 UTRP
PWR1
1 WBBP/UTRP 5 UTRP UPEU/UEIU
UBFA
2 WBBP/UTRP 6 WMPT PWR2
3 WBBP/UTRP 7 WMPT UPEU
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page122
BBU3900 Logical Structure (UO)
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page123
WMPT Board
Maximum board number: 2
Mandatory, working in active and standby mode
Main function
Providing OM functions and reference clock
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page124
WMPT Board—DIP Switch
Setting of SW 1 Setting of SW 2
120 Ω E1 75 Ω E1 Bit Balenced Mode Unbalenced Mode
Bit T1 Mode
Balanced Mode Unbalanced Mode
1 OFF OFF
1 ON OFF ON
2 ON OFF ON 2 OFF OFF
3 OFF ON ON 3 OFF ON
4 OFF ON ON 4 OFF ON
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page125
WBBP Board
Mandatory Maximum board number: 4
, work in resource pool mode
Main function
Providing the CPRI interface for communication between the
BBU and the RRU or MRFU
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page126
WBBP Board
WBBPb1 3 64 64
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page127
UTRP Board
Maximum board number: 6
Mandatory, work in active and standby mode
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page128
UPEU Board
Maximum board number: 2, mandatory
Main functions
Converting -48 V or +24 V DC power to +12 V DC power
Providing transmission ports for RS485 signals and dry contact alarm
signals
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page129
UPEU Board—Port
EXT-ALM1 EXT-ALM0 MON1 MON0
RS 485 signal
PDF
sensor1 sensor2 sensor3 sensor4
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page130
MRFU Board
Maximum board number: 6, mandatory
Capacity
Maximum output power 80W
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page131
Contents
1. BSC6900 System Overview
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page132
BSC6900 Position in UMTS/GSM
UE UTRAN CN
Uu Iu
Iub
BSC6900 Iu-CS
NodeB
CS
Iub
Iur
MBTS
Iub
NodeB Iu-PS PS
BSC6900
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page133
Capacity
Maximum configuration 13400
throughput
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page134
Features
Supporting GSM/UMTS dual-mode network and IPRAN
Supporting dynamic data configuration and system capacity
expansion smoothly
Supporting different types of clock sources
Line Clock , BITS, GPS, external 8 kHz clock
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page135
Contents
1. BSC6900 System Overview
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page136
Contents
2. BSC6900 Hardware Structure
2.1 BSC6900 Cabinets and Subracks
2.2 BSC6900 subsystems and Boards
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page137
Cabinet
2200mm 2200mm
800mm 800mm
600mm 600mm
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page138
Main Processing Rack (MPR)
BSC6900 has one MPR POWER BOX
Component:
2 EPS
Main Processing Subrack (MPS)
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page139
Extended Processing Rack (EPR)
BSC6900 has one EPR POWER BOX
Component:
5 EPS
Extended Processing Subrack (EPS)
EPR
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page140
Power Distribution Box
2 groups of 48 V inputs in 1+1 hot backup mode
6 groups of independent 48 V outputs
POWER BOX
subrack2
subrack1
subrack0
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page141
Subrack
436mm
12U
500mm
7 DC power input port 8 Port for the monitoring signal cable 9 DIP switch
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page142
Dip Switch on the Subrack
The DIP switch on the subrack has eight bits from 1 to 8
Bit
Subrack No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 0 0 0 0
0 ON ON OFF
ON ON ON ON ON
1 0 0 0 0
1 OFF ON OFF
OFF ON ON ON ON
0 1 0 0 0
2 OFF ON OFF
ON OFF ON ON ON
1 1 0 0 0
3 ON ON OFF
OFF OFF ON ON ON
0 0 1 0 0
4 OFF ON OFF
ON ON OFF ON ON
1 0 1 0 0
5 ON ON OFF
OFF ON OFF ON ON
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page143
UMTS MPS
Only one MPS is configured in the BSC6900.
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
D D D D D D
P P P P P P O O
U U U U U U I I I I
M M
Rear panel / / / / / / N N N N
I I I I I I U U
N N N N N N
T T T T
c c
T T T T T T
Black Plane
S S S S G G
P P P P C C
S S S S S S S S U U U U U U
Front panel P P P P P P C C / / / / / /
D D D D G G
U U U U U U U U P P P P C C
U U U U G G
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page144
UMTS EPS
A BSC6900 RNC can be configured with 0 to 5 EPSs.
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
D D D D D D
P P P P P P
U U U U U U I I I I I I I I
Rear panel / / / / / / N N N N N N N N
I I I I I I
N N N N N N
T T T T T T T T
T T T T T T
Black Plane
S S S S
P P P P
S S S S S S S S U U U U D D
Front panel P P P P P P C C / / / / P P
D D D D
U U U U U U U U P P P P
U U
U U U U
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page145
Contents
2. BSC6900 Hardware Structure
2.1 BSC6900 Cabinets and Subracks
2.2 BSC6900 Subsystems and Boards
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page146
BSC6900 Logical Structure
Clock (optional)
clock RNC
synchronization
subsystem
To NodeB
service
service
To other RNC service
transport processing
processing
switching processing
To MSC subsystem subsystem
subsystem
subsystem subsystem
To SGSN
BAM
BAM
LMT/M2000
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page147
Switching Subsystem
The switching subsystem performs the following functions
Providing data and signaling switching
Providing intra-subrack Medium Access Control (MAC) switching
Providing OM channels
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page148
Switching Subsystem
The structure of the switching subsystem
EPS
MP
S
EPS
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page149
Switching Subsystem
Inter-Subrack Connection
EPS
MPS
EPS
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page150
SCUa Board
Functions
Supporting the port trunking function
Providing a total switching capacity of 60 Gbit/s
Providing configuration and maintenance of a subrack
Monitoring the power supply, fans, and environment of the
cabinet
Distributing clock signals and RFN signals for the BSC6900
Working mode
Located in the 6th & 7th slot
Working in full-interconnection and dual-plane mode
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page151
SCUa Board EPS
Cable connection
between SCUa
SCUa SCUa
(active)
(standby)
SCUa SCUa
(active)
MPS (standby)
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page152
Service Processing Subsystem
The service processing subsystem performs the following
functions:
User data and signaling processing
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page153
Service Processing Subsystem
signaling
signaling
signaling data signaling data
processingunit
processing
processing unit processing processing
processing unit processing
unit unit unit unit
SPU 0 DSP 0 SPU 0 DSP 0
PSPS
MMPS
M Switching Subsystem EPS
EPS
M PS
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page154
SPUb Board
Component and functions
8 independent units
signaling
Controllin signaling
Non-
Main Processing Unit (MPU) g SPUb controlling
SPUb
Managing the user panel SSN0 MPU SSN0 SPU
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page155
SPUa Board
Component and functions
4 independent units
signaling
Controllin signaling
Non-
Main Processing Unit (MPU) g SPUa controlling
SPUa
Managing the user panel SSN0 MPU SSN0 SPU
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page157
DPUe Board
Component
22 DSPs
Function
Performs the functions of the GTP-U, IUUP, PDCP, RLC,
MAC, and FP protocols
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page158
DPUb Board
Component
22 DSPs
Function
Processes and distributes the UMTS user-plane service data
Multiplexing and demultiplexing signaling, CS data, and PS
data
Performs the functions of the GTP-U, IUUP, PDCP, RLC, MAC,
and FP protocols
Processes the Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service
(MBMS)
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page159
Clock Synchronization Subsystem
CN BITS GPS 8kHz
MPS
R R GCUa/GCGa S
I I C
N N Clock module U
8kHz
T T a
19.44MHz, 19.44MHz,
32.768MHz, 8KHz 32.768MHz, 8KHz
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page160
GCUa/GCGa Board
Functions
Extracts timing signals from the synchronization
line signals, processes the timing signals, and
provides the timing signals and the reference
clock for the entire system
Generates RFN signals for the system
Supports active/standby switchover
Work mode: active & standby
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page161
GCUa/GCGa Board
Cable connection
between
GCUa/GCGa and
SCUa
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page162
2018/7/27 Security Level:
www.huawei.com
www.huawei.com
LTE SI
LTE WI
2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009
Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar
S10 S6a
S9
UMTS
MME Operator Service
NodeB RNC S4
S11 Gx
Network
S12
S1-MME
E-UTRAN S5/8
S1-U SGi
Internet
eNodeB Serving GW PDN GW
A10/A11
S2b Corporate
cdma2000 Internet
BTS
BSC PDSN
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page167
LTE Background Introduction-System Arch
SAE Brief Introduction
SAE(System Architecture Evolution)considers evolution for the whole system architecture, including:
Flat Functionality. Take out the RNC entity and part of the functions are arranged on e-NodeB in order to reduce the
latency and enhance the schedule ability, such as interference coordination, internal load balance, etc.
Part of the functions are arranged on core network. To enhance the mobility management, all IP technology is
applied, user-plane and control-plane are separated. The compatibility of other RAT is considered.
GERAN
SGSN HSS
UTRAN
S3 S6a
S1-MME
MME
PCRF
S4 Rx+
S11 S7
S10
“LTE-Uu”
Serving S5 PDN SGi
UE EUTRAN Operator ’s IP Services
SAE SAE (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)
S1-U Gateway Gateway
Advantages of SON
Reduce OPEX. Lower cost for operator in
planning, optimization and maintenance.
Vendor promote the sale of features and
tools to reduce the cost of network
optimization after deployment.
http://www.3gpp.org
S1
Allocation (Scheduler)
EPS Bearer Control
RRC
S1
S1
PDCP
X2 E-UTRAN S-GW P-GW
X2
S1
PHY Packet Filtering
internet
P-GW (PDN Gateway) hosts the following functions: handover; Lawful interception; UL and DL charging per UE, PDN,
Per-user based packet filtering; UE IP address allocation; UL and and QCI; Accounting on user and QCI granularity for inter-operator
33 1900 MHz – 1920 MHz TDD 8 880 MHz – 915 MHz 925 MHz – 960 MHz FDD
34 2010 MHz – 2025 MHz TDD 1749.9 – 1784.9 1844.9 – 1879.9 FDD
9
MHz MHz MHz MHz
35 1850 MHz – 1910 MHz TDD
10 1710 MHz – 1770 MHz 2110 MHz – 2170 MHz FDD
36 1930 MHz – 1990 MHz TDD 1427.9 – 1452.9 1475.9 – 1500.9 FDD
11
1910 MHz – 1930 MHz TDD MHz MHz MHz MHz
37
12 698 MHz – 716 MHz 728 MHz – 746 MHz FDD
38 2570 MHz – 2620 MHz TDD
13 777 MHz – 787 MHz 746 MHz – 756 MHz FDD
39 1880 MHz – 1920 MHz TDD
14 788 MHz – 798 MHz 758 MHz – 768 MHz FDD
40 2300 MHz – 2400 MHz TDD
… … … …
17 704 MHz – 716 MHz 734 MHz – 746 MHz FDD
... … …
Page 176 …
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
Thank you
www.huawei.com