Initial Design Discussion

What the Project Engineer Needs

to Know
 Agenda
 What the Project Engineer Needs to Know
 Electrical Design Elements
 The Load
 The Source
 Protection
 Monitor and Control
 Summary
 Q&A
NJWEA Technology Transfer 2
Seminar
26-Sep-07
 What the Project Engineer Needs
to Know
 Information from the PM – The Load List
 What are the loads?
 Motors
 Heaters
 What are the hp or kw ratings?
 Where are they located?
 Outdoors
 Indoors
 What is the classification of the
area?
 Is a control panel specified?

NJWEA Technology Transfer 3

Seminar
26-Sep-07
 The Load

 Utilizes power
© LDPI, Inc.
(voltage and current)
© Baldor Electric Co.
 Has electrical ratings
 Must be protected
 Must be controlled
 Can be monitored

NJWEA Technology Transfer 4

Seminar
26-Sep-07
 Electrical Design Elements
 Magnitude, quality, characteristics, demand,
coincidence or diversity of loads, and load
factors
 Service, distribution, and utilization voltages
and voltage regulation
 Flexibility, reliability, continuity, and safety
 Operation and maintenance
 Special requirements associated with the
process and process environment
 Legally required, optional
standby/emergency systems
 Energy conservation and DOE compliance

NJWEA Technology Transfer 5

Seminar
26-Sep-07
 Electrical Design Elements
 Service, distribution, and utilization
voltages and voltage regulation
 Electrical Site plan
 Utility connections

NJWEA Technology Transfer 6

Seminar
26-Sep-07
 Electrical Design Development
 For new facilities power design
 Determine total plant load (building and process)
 Develop single line diagram
 Model loads
 Evaluate protective device settings and coordinate
 Document final protective settings
 For existing facilities power design
 Document existing conditions – confirm and revise existing
single line diagram
 Evaluate the system and prepare a report
 Update single line diagram
 Implement recommendations
 Model new loads on the existing system and re-evaluate
 Document protective settings
NJWEA Technology Transfer 7
Seminar
26-Sep-07
 The Power Source

Pole Mounted Transformers Pad Mounted Transformers

Engine Generator Set

© Cummins Power Generation

NJWEA Technology Transfer Flywheel UPS 8

Seminar © Liebert
26-Sep-07
 The Power Source
 Current installations
include
 Government
telecommunications
and data storage
centers
 Medical facilities
 National television
networks
Flywheel UPS

NJWEA Technology Transfer 9

Seminar
26-Sep-07
 The Power Source
 Advantages
 Smaller foot print
 Green technology
 Non toxic
 Non corrosive
 Quiet operation
 Lower long term costs

Flywheel UPS

NJWEA Technology Transfer 10

Seminar
26-Sep-07
 The Power Source

http://www.energyandpowermanagement.com/CDA/Articles
 Disadvantages
 Higher initial cost
 Short term loading
 Example: The Pentadyne VSSdc unit at WBRZ is rated at
160 kilowatt for 13 seconds.

NJWEA Technology Transfer 11

Seminar
26-Sep-07
 Nominal System Voltages
Substation
13.2kV; 69kV; 115kV

Signal Plant Distribution

24V 4160V; 480V; 208V

Control
120V

NJWEA Technology Transfer 12

Seminar
26-Sep-07
 Working Clearances
under 600V
Clearances shall
be provided
& maintained to
permit ready and
safe operation
and maintenance

 Examination
 Adjustment
 Servicing
 Maintenance

®
NEC 2005

NJWEA Technology Transfer 13

Seminar
26-Sep-07
 Working Clearances
under 600V
2005 NEC Article 110.26 ®
Spaces About Electrical Equipment NEC 2002

(C) Entrance to Working Space.

(2) Large Equipment. For equipment
rated 1,200A or more, an entrance
measuring not less than 24 in. wide
and 61/2 ft high, is required at each
end of the working space. Where the
entrance to the working space
has a door, the door must open out and
be equipped with panic hardware or This material was extracted from Mike Holt Training
Materials copyright 2007 by permission.
other devices that open under simple Visit www.NECCode.com or call 1.888.NEC.Code
(632-2633) for more information.
pressure.

NJWEA Technology Transfer 14

Seminar
26-Sep-07
 Working Clearances
under 600V

NJWEA Technology Transfer 15

Seminar
26-Sep-07
 Working Clearances
over 600V

®
NEC 2005

NJWEA Technology Transfer 16

Seminar
26-Sep-07
 Protection
Low Voltage Circuit Breakers  Fixed Trip (Inverse Time)
© Square D
 15A – 50A [ 5A]
 60A – 110A [10A]
 125A -300A [25A]
 300A – 500A [50A]
 600 – 800 [100A]
 1000
 1200
 1600
 2000
 2500
 3000
 4000
 5000
 6000

NJWEA Technology Transfer 17

Seminar
26-Sep-07
 Protection
 Low Voltage Fuses [250V – 600V]
 Dual-element, time-delay fuse Class J
 Current-limiting Class RK1
 Time-delay, current-limiting, rejection-
type Class CC
 Time-delay Class L
 Dual-element, time-delay fuse Class
RK5
 Medium voltage

NJWEA Technology Transfer 18

Seminar
26-Sep-07
 Protection
Power Circuit Breakers with
 Circuit breakers tested to show
arc flash hazard risk category as
Arc Flash Protection referenced by NFPA70E
© Square D
 800 A to 6000 A frames, fixed and
draw-out
 Rated for AC voltage systems
through 600 V (635 V ANSI)
 Visual contact wear indicators
 Field-installable accessories
common to all standards
 Four interchangeable Micrologic
trip units to choose from
 Available PowerLogic® based
power metering and monitoring
capabilities
 Available protective relay
functions as defined by ANSI
C37.2 and C37.90

NJWEA Technology Transfer 19

Seminar
26-Sep-07
 Protection
 Vacuum circuit breakers
 Rated at 5kV, 15kV,
27kV and 38kV
 ANSI C37.09 Standard
 Protective relays
 Over voltage
Medium Voltage Circuit Breaker  Under voltage
© Eaton Cutler-Hammer
 Phase reversal
 Single phase

NJWEA Technology Transfer 20

Seminar
26-Sep-07
 Protection
 Medium Voltage Fuses
 E rated (transformers and feeders)
 Fast-acting
 R rated (motor circuit protection)
 H & N (high surge)
 K (fast)
 T (slow)

NJWEA Technology Transfer 21

Seminar
26-Sep-07
 Monitor and Control
 Meters
 Utility and submeters [kW-h]
 Voltage - voltmeters
 Current - ammeters
 Flow – flow meters

NJWEA Technology Transfer 22

Seminar
26-Sep-07
 Monitor and Control

 For Motor Loads

 Variable Frequency Controllers
 Reduced Voltage Starters
 Delta-Wye Starters

NJWEA Technology Transfer 23

Seminar
26-Sep-07
 Monitor and Control

 For Process Devices

 Control Valves
 Pressure Switches
 Level Switches

NJWEA Technology Transfer 24

Seminar
26-Sep-07
 Summary
 Electrical Design categories can be defined as
 Load,
 Source,
 Protection
 Control and monitoring
 Load lists provided by the PM are used to develop single
line diagrams and P&ID’s
 The power source to the load is determined based on
the site factors and load requirements

NJWEA Technology Transfer 25

Seminar
26-Sep-07
 Summary
 Electrical systems require protection
 Electrical protection
 Over current
 Over voltage
 Phase reversal
 Transients
 Physical protection from the environment
 NEMA rated enclosures

NJWEA Technology Transfer 26

Seminar
26-Sep-07
 Summary
 Load lists are used to develop integrated, system
documents
 Single line diagrams – power
 Used for road maps for the facility
 Safe shut downs
 Clear operations
 Used for short circuit and coordination studies
 Guide for impact studies
 Process &Instrumentation Diagrams
 Control
 Monitoring
NJWEA Technology Transfer 27
Seminar
26-Sep-07
 Discussion

Thank You!

NJWEA Technology Transfer 28

Seminar
26-Sep-07
 Acknowledgements

NJWEA Technology Transfer 29

Seminar
26-Sep-07