4G Technology

Presented
By Nithin Raj
4G Definition

 4G is not one defined technology or

standard, but rather a collection of
technologies at creating fully packet-
switched networks optimized for data.

 4G Networks are projected to provide

speed of 100Mbps while moving and
1Gbps while stationary.
 0G (Zero Generation Mobile System)
 At the end of the 1940’s, the first radio telephone
service was introduced, and was designed to
users in cars to the public land-line based
telephone network.

 In the 1960’s, a system launched by Bell Systems,

called, Improved Mobile Telephone Service
(IMTS), brought quite a few improvements such
as direct dialing and more bandwidth. The very
first analog systems were based upon IMTS and
were created in the late 60s and early 70s.
1G Technology
 1G refers to the first-generation of
wireless telephone technology was
developed in 1970’s.

 1G had two major improvements:

 the invention of the microprocessor
 the digital transform of the control link
between the phone and the cell site.
 Analog signal
2G Technology

 Around 1980’s

 Better quality & capacity - More people

could use there phones at the same
time

 Digital Signals – consist of 0’s & 1’s

Previous Technology - 2G

 Digital – consist of 0’s and 1’s

 Digital signal:
 1.Low level, 2.High level, 3.Rising edge
and 4.Falling edge
 Previous Technology - 2G
 Digital data can be compressed and
multiplexed much more effectively than analog
voice encodings
 Multiplexing -multiple analog message signals
or digital data streams are combined into one
signal
 For 1 and 2G standards, bandwidth maximum
is 9.6 Kbit/sec, (I.E) approximately 6 times
slower than an ISDN
Previous Technology - 2G

 Allows for lower powered radio signals that

require less battery

 Power–CODEC introduction -program that

encodes and decodes digital data stream or
signal
 Translates data from digital to analog and
vice versa
Previous Technology - 2G
Advantages in Previous
Technology - 2G

 The digital voice encoding allows digital

error checking
 increase sound quality
 lowers the noise level
 Going all-digital allowed for the
introduction of digital data transfer
 SMS –“short message service”
 E-mail
Disadvantages in Previous
Technology - 2G

 Cell towers had a limited coverage

area
 Jagged Decay curve
 Abrupt dropped calls
 Analog –gradual sound reduction
 “Spotty” coverage
3G Technology
 Large capacity and broadband capabilities

 Allows the transmission of 384kbps for

mobile systems and up to 2Mbps

 Increased spectrum efficiency –5Mhz

 A greater number of users that can be
simultaneously supported by a radio frequency
bandwidth
 High data rates at lower incremental cost than
2G–Global roaming
Previous Technology - 3G

 CDMA –Code Division Multiple Access

 Form of multiplexing

 Does not divide up the channel by time or

frequency

 Encodes data with a special code

associated with each channel
Code Division Multiple Access
Types of Multiplexing

 FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple

Access
 Each phone call is allocated one
frequency for the entire duration of the
call
Types of Multiplexing

 TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access

 Each phone call is allocated a spot in the
frequency for a small amount of time, and
"takes turns" being transmitted
Types of Multiplexing

 CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access

 Each phone call is uniquely encoded and
transmitted across the entire spectrum, in
a manner known as spread spectrum
transmission
Reasons for New Research

 Even though 3G has successfully been

introduced to mobile users, there are some
issues that are debated by 3G providers and
users.
 High input fees for the 3G service licenses

 Great differences in the licensing terms

 3G phones are expensive

Fourth Generation
What is 4G?

 Fourth Generation Technology

 Faster and more reliable
 100 Mb/s
 Lower cost than previous generations
 Multi-standard wireless system
 Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless
 Ad Hoc Networking
 IPv6 Core
 OFDM used instead of CDMA
 Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n
 Most information is proprietary
Communications Architecture

 Broadcast layer:
 fix access points, (i.e.) cell tower
connected by fiber, microwave, or
satellite (ISP)
 Ad-hoc/hot-spot layer:
 wireless LANs (i.e. internet at Starbuck’s)
Communications Architecture
 Personal Layer Gateway:
 devices that connect to upper layers; cell phone,
fax, voice, data modem, MP3 players, PDAs

 Info-Sensor layer:
 environmental sensors

 Fiber-optic wire layer:

 high speed subterranean labyrinth of fiber optic
cables and repeaters
Ad Hoc Networks
 Spontaneous self
organization of networks
of devices

 Not necessarily connected

to internet

 4G will create hybrid

wireless networks using
Ad Hoc networks

 Form of mesh
networking–Very reliable
Enhance Mobile Gaming

 Experience enhance wireless capabilities

that deliver mobile gaming interaction
with less than five seconds

 Play online multi player games while

traveling at high speeds or sitting outside
Broadband access in Remote
location

 4G will provide a wireless alternative

for broadband access

 I will provide first opportunity for

broadband access in remote locations
without an infrastructure to support
cable or DSL access.
Thanking You