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• Structure:
skin fascia muscle bone
blood vessels & nerves
• Functions:
1. protection of thoracic
viscera
-3 types:
1. True (1st – 7th )
• 2nd rib
rough tuberosity for serratus anterior m.
• 10th rib
one facet on the head
2. Scalene Tubercle
3. Grooves for
subclavian vessels
• Present in ∼ 1% of people
• Complications:
Vertebral arch
(P & L)
7 processes
Distinguishing Features of Thoracic
Vertebrae
Sternum
3 parts:
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process
Manubrium
Shaped
(L, Handle)
* Several notches:
Jugular Clavicular
Costal
* Manubriosternal Joint:
2o fibrocartilaginous
Sternal angle
Sternal Angle
Angle of louis
Manubriosternal
joint
Easily palpated
Opposite to T4-
T5 disc
Boundaries of inferior
thoracic opening:
T12,
11th & 12th ribs,
7-10 CC,
xiphisternal joint
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
• On the superior thoracic opening (anatomical inlet)
• Compression of subclavian art. between the clavicle & 1st rib
(Costoclavicular syndrome)
• Pale color & coldness on the skin of upper limb
• Diminished radial pulse
Joints of Thoracic Cage
Posteriorly:
1. Intervertebral joints 1
(2o cartilaginous)
2
2. Costovertebral joints
(synovial plane)
3. Costotransverse joints
3
(synovial plane)
Joints of Thoracic Cage
Anteriorly:
1. Costochondral joints
(1o cartilaginous)
2. Sternocostal joints
(synovial plane,
except 1st CC)
3. Manubriosternal joint
(2o cartilaginous)
4. Xiphisternal joint
(1o cartilaginous)
Intercostal Muscles
3 layers of m. that cover intercostal spaces
TTm:
4-5 slips of muscles
From post. surface of sternum
To 2nd -6th costal cartilages