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2009 Lecture Side JanuaryJuly

20092004

Lecture by

Suradet Tantrairatn
Instructor and Researcher

Design of Control System


in State Space
Chapter Twelve
week3
Introduction

This Chapter we will learn about state-space design


methods based on the pole-placement method and the
quadratic optimal regulator method.
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2009 Subject Name Automotive Automatic Control Month 200X Page 2


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Review

First Order:

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Page 2
Review

Second Order:
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Back to review Chapter4 Transient Response


Analysis( Ogata Book )
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Pole Placement

Pole Placement ( วิธก ้ ้อกาหนดสาหร ับ


ี ารวางโพล ) คือ ตังข

ตาแหน่ งโพลทังหมดของระบบวงปิ ด และออกแบบตัวควบคุมทีจะได ่ ้
ตาแหน่ งโพลตามข ้อกาหนดนั้น เงือนไขจ
่ าเป็ นของระบบหรือพลานต ์ที่

ทาให ้สามารถทาการเคลือนย ้
้ายโพลทังหมดไปยั ่ ้องการได ้
งตาแหน่ งทีต


ในการออกแบบทัวไปจะไม่ ได ้ต ้องการให ้ระบบมีเสถียรภาพอย่างเดียว
แต่ยงั ต ้องการสมรรถนะหรือผลตอบสนองตามต ้องการด ้วย ดังนั้นการ
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กาหนดตาแหน่ งของโพลระบบวงปิ ดจึงมิใช่เพียงแต่วา่ ต ้องการอยู่บน


ด ้านซ ้ายของระนาบเชิงซ ้อนเท่านั้น แต่อาจจะต ้องอยู่ในพืนที ้ ที
่ จะให
่ ้
ผลตอบสนองทีดี ่ ด ้วย เช่น ถ ้าตาแหน่ งโพลอยู่ใกล ้แกนจินตภาพมาก
เกินไป ผลตอบสนองจะมีลก ั ษณะแกว่ง

ในระบบอันดัล n ทัว่ ๆ ไป ความสัมพันธ ์ผลตอบสนองทางเวลาของ


ระบบกับตาแหน่ งของโพล มักมีความซบั ซ ้อน จึงเป็ นการยากทีจะ่
กาหนดตาแหน่ งโพลเพือให่ ้ได ้ผลตอบสนองทีดี
่ ดังนั้นวิธก
ี ารออกแบบนี ้
่ ่
2009 Subject Name Automotive Automatic Control Month 200X Page 2
Design By Pole Placement
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Design By Pole Placement

(a) Open-loop control system; (b) Closed-loop control


sysytem
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Design By Pole Placement

Control signal

The Solution is
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Determination of Matrix K using Transformation Matrix T.
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ai are coefficients of the characteristic polynomial

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Determination of Matrix K using Transformation Matrix T. (2)

where
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Determination of Matrix K using Transformation Matrix T. (3)
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Determination of Matrix K using Transformation Matrix T. (4)
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Determination of Matrix K using Transformation Matrix T. (5)
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Summary to Find Matrix K Using Transformation Matrix T

Step1: Check the controllability condition


Step2: From the characteristic polynomial for matrix A

Step3: Determine the transformation Matrix T

Step4: Using the desired eigenvalues


© AIRBUS UK LTD 2002. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Final Step : Calculate K from

2009 Subject Name Automotive Automatic Control Month 200X Page 2


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Example

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Example

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Determination of Matrix K Using Direct Substitution Method.
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Example

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Determination of Matrix K Using Ackerman’s Formula.
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Determination of Matrix K Using Ackerman’s Formula. (2)
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Determination of Matrix K Using Ackerman’s Formula. (3)
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Determination of Matrix K Using Ackerman’s Formula. (4)
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© AIRBUS UK LTD 2002. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Example

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Solving Pole-Placement Problems with MATLAB
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2009 Subject Name Automotive Automatic Control


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2009 Subject Name Automotive Automatic Control


Month 200X
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© AIRBUS UK LTD 2002. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

2009 Subject Name Automotive Automatic Control


Month 200X
Page 2
© AIRBUS UK LTD 2002. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

2009 Subject Name Automotive Automatic Control


Month 200X
Page 2
© AIRBUS UK LTD 2002. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

2009 Subject Name Automotive Automatic Control


Month 200X
Page 2
© AIRBUS UK LTD 2002. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

2009 Subject Name Automotive Automatic Control


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Ackermann’s Formula
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Ackermann’s Formula
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Ackermann’s Formula
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MATLAB Program (Produce The Feedback Gain
Matrix K by Using Ackermann’s Formula)
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MATLAB Program (Produce The Feedback Gain
Matrix K by Using Ackermann’s Formula)
© AIRBUS UK LTD 2002. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

2009 Subject Name Automotive Automatic Control Month 200X Page 2


MATLAB Program (Produce The Feedback Gain
Matrix K by Using Ackermann’s Formula)
© AIRBUS UK LTD 2002. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

2009 Subject Name Automotive Automatic Control Month 200X Page 2


MATLAB Program (Produce The Feedback Gain
Matrix K by Using Ackermann’s Formula)
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Design of Regulator-type Systems by Pole
Placement
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Mathematical Modeling
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Mathematical Modeling

We assume that the moment of inertia of the pendulum


about its center of gravity is zero
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Mathematical Modeling
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Mathematical Modeling
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Mathematical Modeling
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Mathematical Modeling

Define state variables


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Mathematical Modeling
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Mathematical Modeling
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Mathematical Modeling

In terms of vector-matrix equations.


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Mathematical Modeling

By substituting the given numerical values


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Mathematical Modeling
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Mathematical Modeling

Use state-feedback control


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Mathematical Modeling
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Mathematical Modeling
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Mathematical Modeling
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Mathematical Modeling
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Mathematical Modeling

The desired characteristic equation


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Mathematical Modeling
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2009 Subject Name Automotive Automatic Control Month 200X Page 2


Mathematical Modeling
© AIRBUS UK LTD 2002. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

2009 Subject Name Automotive Automatic Control Month 200X Page 2


Mathematical Modeling
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Mathematical Modeling
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Mathematical Modeling
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Mathematical Modeling

Inverted-pendulum system with state-feedback control


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Mathematical Modeling
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Mathematical Modeling
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Determination of state-feedback gain matrix K with
MATLAB
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Determination of state-feedback gain matrix K with
MATLAB
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Determination of state-feedback gain matrix K with
MATLAB
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Obtaining System Response To Initial Condition

State equation
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Obtaining System Response To Initial Condition

Control equation
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Obtaining System Response To Initial Condition
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Obtaining System Response To Initial Condition

Substitute the numerical values.


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Obtaining System Response To Initial Condition
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2009 Subject Name Automotive Automatic Control Month 200X Page 2


Obtaining System Response To Initial Condition
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Obtaining System Response To Initial Condition

Initial condition
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Obtaining System Response To Initial Condition
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2009 Subject Name Automotive Automatic Control Month 200X Page 2


Obtaining System Response To Initial Condition
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2009 Subject Name Automotive Automatic Control Month 200X Page 2


Obtaining System Response To Initial Condition
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MATLAB Program

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MATLAB Program

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Response Of Inverted Pendulum System Subjected
To Initial Condition
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© AIRBUS UK LTD 2002. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

2009 Subject Name Automotive Automatic Control


Month 200X
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2009 Subject Name Automotive Automatic Control


Month 200X
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