SUMMER INTERNSHIP

HUMAN SETTLEMENT MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE

HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION

ANAND BARDHAN JHA

THOMAS KRISHNA PEGU
 AUDIO VERBATIM
Verbatim transcription of conference held on various topics :
CALAMA, CHILE
• DEVELOPMENT-INDUCED DISPLACEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT

• Mining - Induced Displacement and Resettlement (MIDR). Internal displacement as

a direct consequence of the creation or expansion of mining areas.

• According to the Bank wide Review of Projects Involving Involuntary Resettlement,

mining was the cause of 10.3 percent of development-induced displacement
worldwide.

• It is indigenous people who are particularly affected by this problem. The indigenous
Atacameno survive on agriculture( mostly carrots) and raising llamas. Habitat lost
and lost of traditionally sustainable agriculture practices due to these copper mines
has threatens the survival of their cultural identity. Consequently, many have
abandoned their traditional sources of income and succumbed to poverty.

• Mostly illegally encroaching the land nearby the Calama city wetlands creating
environmental degradation and flash floods.

• The resettlement of over 3,000 families from the mining town of Chuiquicamata to
the nearby city of Calama situated in Northern Chile.

• The construction is being done by the Cadelco company.

• Building of 2,400 new homes in the Southern suburbs of Calama will a initial cost
around 220 million dollars.
 AUDIO VERBATIM
RIVER RESTORATION (MITHI RIVER) MUMBAI, INDIA
• An arterial river running 17.84 K.m along the north-south axis of Mumbai originated in Vihar
Lake and Powai Lake in the north and meets the Arabian Sea near Mahim Creek at south.

• The haphazard development, reclamation, encroachment, concretising of the flood

plain, dumping of wastes leading to choking and deteriorating and degradation of the
ecosystem.
GOALS
Enhance Flood Storage, Enhance Water Quality, Enable Safe Public Access,
Restore a Functional Riparian Ecosystem.
GOVERNMENT ACTION PLAN
Clear the informal settlements along the bank Successful idea but lack of local community involvement

Widen the river with appropriate widths in the entire Widening of certain areas' is not possible due to existing
stretch legal residential and industrial sector.
De-Silt the river and deepen the river by another 1.5 m -
from existing depth
7500 structures removed and another 1500 will be Some of the structures were illegal while some were not,
removed from the bank near Vakola, 4633 structures will but eventually people are happy to move.
be removed from the BMC's Zone
Refurbishment of the river crossings as planned by BMC A really needed planning
Retaining wall for the widened river stretch Needed innovative solution but not in the entire stretch.
Build buffer zones on either sides of the bank A needed innovative solution to barricade the river from
any illegal activities
Sluice gate at Mahim creek Helpful but during monsoons the sea level rises by nearly
1.25 m than the river water level, so equally dangerous as
during monsoons the gates would be closed
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
 INDIA’S CURRENT POSITION (SDG’s)
• India is ranked 116 out of 157 nations on a global index that assesses the performance of
countries towards achieving the ambitious sustainable development goals (SDGs).

• India has, over the past years, directed its development pathway to meet its priorities of
employment, economic growth, food, water and energy security, disaster resilience and
poverty alleviation with robust governance along democratic lines.

GOAL 1: END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE.

TARGET 1.1- By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all
people everywhere, currently measured as people living on
less than $ 1.25 a day.

INDICATOR: - Proportion of population living below national

poverty line.
 As of July’ 2018, 5.2 percent of India’s population live in
extreme poverty.
 11 percent of poverty relative to world population lives in
India. So as per the current scenario India is on the track
of SDG goal 1 to end the poverty by 2030. (Source-
World poverty clock).

CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES (CSS)

• National Urban Livelihood Mission.
• National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGA).
• National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM).
• National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) (M/o RD / M/o Finance) (Core
of the Core).
• National Land Record Management Programme (NLRMP)
GOAL 2: END HUNGER, ACHIEVE FOOD SECURITY AND IMPROVED NUTRITION
AND PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE.
TARGET 2.1:- By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor
and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all
year round.

INDICATOR:- Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption.

 India tops the World hunger list with 194.6 million people (FAO 2015).
 More than 14.5 percent of population is considered as under nourished says the Global
hunger index-2017.
 21 percent of children suffering from acute malnutrition.
 38.4 percent of children under the age of five suffer from stunting.
 More than 250 million Indians remain food insecure, ingesting less than 2100 calories
everyday.
 1 in 4 children is malnourished.
 3,000 children in India die everyday from poor diet illness.
 24 percent of under five deaths in India.
 30 percent of Neo-Natal deaths in India.
CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES (CSS)
• National Food Security Mission.
• Mission for integrated Development of Horticulture.
• National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture.
• National Mission on Agriculture Extension and Technology.
• Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY).
• National Livestock Mission.
• Livestock Health and Disease Control.
• National Programme for Bovine Breeding and Dairy Development.
GOAL 3: ENSURE HEALTHY LIVES AND PROMOTE WELL- BEING FOR ALL AT ALL
AGES.
TARGET 3.2:- By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years
of age.
INDICATOR:- Neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality rates.

 Under five mortality rate 125 per 1000 live births in 1990 to 49 per 1000 live births in
2013, 43 per 1000 live births in 2015 and 39 per 1000 live births in 2016.
 The gender difference between female and male under five mortality rates has now
reduced to 11 percent which was as high as 17 percent in 2014.
 Current under five mortality for male child is 37 per 1000 and for female child is 41
per 1000.
 2.1 million people living with HIV.
 0.3 percent adult HIV prevalence.
 6 million children still die before their 5th birthday every year.
 16,000 children die each day from preventable diseases like measles, Tuberculosis.
 56 percent of births in rural areas are attended by skilled professionals.
 11.6 lakh children die every year within one year of birth due to lack of
immunization.
CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES (CSS)

• National Health Mission including NRHM.

• Human Resource in Health and Medical Education.
• National Mission on Ayush including Mission on Medical
Plants.
• National AIDS &STD Control Programme.
• Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS)
GOAL 4: ENSURE INCLUSIVE AND EQUITABLE QUALITY EDUCATION AND PROMOTE
LIFE-LONG LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL.
Target 4.1:- By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality
primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes.

Indicator:- Percentage of children (36-59 months) receiving at least one year of a quality pre-
primary education program.
 There are 10.12 million child labourers aged between 5 to
14 years in India (Census 2011)
 73 % adults are literate.
 68 % percent of people with disabilities are literate.
 34 % 100 percent of enrolment of girls in primary education
but only 23.2 % entered into higher-level education.
 360 million largest youth population in India through out
world.
 24 % gross enrollment in higher education.
 92 % female and 94 percent Male youth are literate.

CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES (CSS)

• Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan.

• National Programme Nutritional Support to Primary Education.
• Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA).
• Support for Educational Development including Teachers Training & Adult
Education.
• Scheme for providing education to Madrasas, Minorities and Disabled.
• Rashtriya Uchhtar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA).
• Umbrella scheme for Education of ST students.
GOAL 5: ACHIEVE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER ALL WOMEN
AND GIRLS.
TARGET 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere.
INDICATOR: Percentage of referred cases of sexual and gender-based violence against
women and children that are investigated and sentenced.

 India ranks 108 of 145 nations surveyed under the Global Gender Gap Index (in areas of
health, education, economics and politics) (WEF 2015).
 India ranks 131 of 153 countries (which covers 98% of world population) in ‘Women, Peace
and Security Index (Survey by Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security in
partnership with the Peace Research Institute of Oslo).
 India has 65 % female literacy level as compared to 80 % of men.
 While women comprise of 48 % of the population, only 25 % of them are in the workforce.
 Violence against women remains to be widely prevalent in the country.
 Women hold only 12 percent of seats in the Loksabha, but around 46 percent in panchyati
Raj institutions.
 Child sex ratio is 918 girls for 1000 boys.

CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES (CSS)

• National Mission for Empowerment of Women including

Indira Gandhi Mattritav Sahyog Yojana.
• Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent
Girls (SABLA).
GOAL 6: ENSURE AVAILABILITY AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF WATER AND
SANITATION FOR ALL
TARGET 6.1: By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable
drinking water for all.
INDICATOR: Percentage of population using safely managed water services.
 Only 46.6% Indians have drinking water facilities within their premises (Census
2011)
CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES (CSS)
• National Rural Drinking water Programme.
• Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan.
• Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana.
• National River Conservation Programme
(NRCP)
GOAL 7: ENSURE ACCESS TO AFFORDABLE, RELIABLE, SUSTAINABLE, AND
MODERN ENERGY FOR ALL
TARGET 7.1: By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy
services
INDICATOR: Share of the population using reliable electricity, modern cooking solutions, etc.
 Only 67.3% households in India had electricity in 2011 (Census 2011)
RELATED INTERVENTIONS
• Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana.
• National Solar Mission – providing continuous
power supply to rural India.
• India Energy Policy.
GOAL 8: PROMOTE SUSTAINED, INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC
GROWTH, FULL AND PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT AND DECENT WORK FOR ALL
TARGET 8.5: By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all
women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay
for work of equal value.
INDICATOR: Youth employment rate, by formal and informal sector.
 116 million Indians are seeking or available for work
(Census 2011).
 Only 29.4% of Women employed.
CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES (CSS)
• National Service Scheme (NSS)
• Skill Development Mission
• Social Security for Unorganised Workers including Rashtriya
• Swastya Bima Yojana

GOAL 9: INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIALIZATION AND FOSTER

INNOVATION
TARGET 9.1: Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient
infrastructure, including regional and trans-border infrastructure, to
support economic development and human well-being, with a
focus on affordable and equitable access for all.

INDICATOR: Access to all-weather road, and other infrastructure

 Huge urban infrastructure deficiency, investment requirement USD800 billion by 2030.
 There is shortage of 18.78 million houses in urban India (TG12).

CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES (CSS)

• Border Area Development Programme (BADP).
• National Handloom Development Programme.
• Catalytic Development Programme under Sericulture.
• Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY).

GOAL 10: REDUCE INEQUALITY WITHIN AND AMONG COUNTRIES

TARGET 10.1: By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40
per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average.

INDICATOR: Income inequality measured by Gini Coefficient.

 Second most unequal country in the world. Richest
10% holds 74% of wealth which is 370 times the
share of wealth that it’s poorest 10% holds (0.2%)
(Credit Suisse’s Global Wealth Data book 2014).

CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES (CSS)

 Multi Sectoral Development Programme for Minorities.
 Backward Regions Grant Fund.
 Scheme for Development of Scheduled Castes.
 Scheme for Development of Other Backward Classes and Denotified, Nomadic and
Semi-nomadic Tribes.
 Scheme for development of Economically Backward Classes (EBCs).
 GOAL 11: MAKE CITIES AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS INCLUSIVE, SAFE, RESILIENT
AND SUSTAINABLE
TARGET 11.1: By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable
housing and basic services and upgrade slums.

INDICATOR: Percentage of urban population living in slums or informal

settlements.

 India is home to 63% of all slum dwellers in South

Asia which amounts to 170 million people and
17% of the world’s slum dwellers (UN Habitat
2010)
 Over 25% of urban population in India live in
slums

CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES (CSS)

• Rajiv Awas Yojana (including BSUP & IHSDP).

• Indira Awas Yojana (IAY).
• Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAGY).
• National Programme for Persons with Disabilities.
• Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM).
GOAL 12: ENSURE SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION PATTERNS
TARGET 12.5: By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention,
reduction, recycling and reuse.

INDICATOR: Percentage of scientific solid waste management of total solid waste

generated.
 In India, 1,43,449 tonnes of waste is generated
daily out of which only 31,871 tonnes (23%) are
processed (CPCB 2015).
CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES (CSS)
• National Policy on bio-fuels
• National Clean India Fund (NCEF)
• National Clean Energy Fund
• Renewable Energy: Renewable Energy Global
Investment Promotion Meet and Expo.
• Soil Health Card Scheme.
GOAL 13: TAKE URGENT ACTION TO COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS
IMPACTS
Target 13.1: Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and
natural disasters in all countries.
Indicator: Net GHG emissions in the Agriculture, Forest and other Land Use sector.

 By 2030, India’s greenhouse gas emissions are projected to grow by

85% (Centre for Climate & Energy Solutions 2015)
RELATED INTERVENTIONS
• National Action Plan on Climate Change
• National Mission for a Green India,
• National Solar Mission,
• National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency,
• National Mission for Sustainable Habitat,
• National Water Mission,
• National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem,

GOAL 14: CONSERVE AND SUSTAINABLY USE THE OCEANS, SEAS AND MARINE
RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
TARGET 14.1: By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in
particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution.

INDICATOR: Share of coastal and marine areas that are protected.

 Population of marine species dropped by 14%

and fresh water species by 35% (Living Planet
Report by WWF 2008)

CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES (CSS)

• Conservation of Natural Resources and

Ecosystems.
GOAL 15 : PROTECT, RESTORE AND PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE USE OF
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS, SUSTAINABLY MANAGE FORESTS, COMBAT
DESERTIFICATION, AND HALT AND REVERSE LAND DEGRADATION AND HALT
BIODIVERSITY LOSS

Target 15.1: By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of
terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests,
wetlands, mountains and dry lands, in line with obligations under international
agreements.
Indicator: Protected areas overlay with biodiversity.

 5.3 billion tonnes of Indian soil gets eroded

every year (ICAR, 2010)

CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES (CSS)

• National Afforestation Programme.

• National Mission for a Green India.
• Integrated Development of Wild Life Habitats.
• Project Tiger.
GOAL 16: PROMOTE PEACEFUL AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETIES FOR SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT, PROVIDE ACCESS TO JUSTICE FOR ALL AND BUILD EFFECTIVE,
ACCOUNTABLE AND INCLUSIVE INSTITUTIONS AT .ALL LEVELS
Target 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere
Indicator: Violent injuries and deaths per 100,000 population
 Crimes against SCs to the total crimes
committed have increased by 29% between
2005 and 2014 (NCRWB 2015)
CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES (CSS)
• Panchayat Yuva Krida aur Khel Abhiyan (PYKKA).
• Development of Infrastructure Facilities for Judiciary
including Gram Nyayalayas.
• Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS).

GOAL 17:- STRENGTHEN THE MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION AND REVITALIZE THE

GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Target 17.1: Strengthen domestic resource mobilization,
including through international support to developing
countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and
other revenue collection.

Indicator: Domestic revenues allocated to sustainable

development as percent of GNI, by sector.
 This goal includes 5 important dimensions – Finance; Technology; Capacity Building;
Trade and Reviewing Systemic Issues for Global Sustainable Development (UN 2015)

CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES (CSS)

• Support for Statistical Strengthening.

INDIA’S FINANCE REQUIREMENT AND GAP

 It’s estimates a financial requirement of USD 14.43 trillion (INR 909 lakh crore) over
the mandated 15 years for achieving SDGs, with an annual financial requirement of
USD 0.96 trillion (INR 60 lakh crore).

Study Annual Financial Gap

requirement
UNCTAD: globally to achieve SDGs USD 5-7 trillion
UNCTAD: annual investment needed in USD 3.9 trillion USD 2.5 trillion
developing countries to achieve SDGs
Present study (TARA): annual spending USD 0.96 trillion USD 0.56 trillion
needed in India to achieve SDGs
 INDIA’S FINANCE REQUIREMENT AND GAP

Goal Thrust area assessed Finance required Finance Gap

(lakh (billion (lakh (billion
crore INR) USD) crore INR) USD)
2. End hunger, achieve food security Sustainable agricultural 46 729 18.5 293
& improved nutrition and promote production, food
sustainable agriculture distribution
3. Ensure healthy lives and promote Universal health coverage, 55 880 19 305
well-being for all at all ages reduction of IMR,
enhanceed life
expectancy
4. Ensure inclusive and equitable Primary and secondary 142 2258 46 740
quality education and promote education, early
lifelong learning opportunities for all childhood development,
higher education, skill
development, teacher
education
5. Achieve gender equality and Cost of achieving gender
89 1408 69 1091
empower all women and girls equality
6: Ensure availability and sustainable Drinking water, sanitation,
13 199 8 123
manage-ment of water and water quality, IWRM
sanitation for all
7.Ensure access to affordable, Meeting energy demand, 54 854 26 406
reliable, sustainable and modern renewable energy, energy
energy for all efficiency
Goal Thrust area assessed Finance required Finance Gap
(lakh (billion (lakh (billion
crore INR) USD) crore INR) USD)
9.Build resilient infrastructure, Infrastructure, ICT, 119 1900 59.50 950
promote inclusive and sustainable retrofitting industries
industrialization and foster
innovation (till 2017)
11: Make cities and human settle- Urban housing, 131 2067 76 1202
ments inclusive, safe, resilient and infrastructure and services
sustain-able
12.Ensure sustainable consumption Low Carbon Strategies 63 1000 63 1000
and production patterns
13.Take urgent action to combat Cross-cutting goal 17 267 17 267
climate change and its impacts#
14.Conserve and sustainably use the Protecting areas, 31 489 30 481
oceans, seas and marine resources opportunity costs of
for protection
sustainable development
Research and Development R D across sectors 60 950 35 555
Awareness creation on sustainable Creating awareness on 30 474 30 474
development SCP, sustainable lifestyles,
etc.
TOTAL 909 14427 533 8468