SCULPTURE

Sculpture
Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. It is one of
the plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of
material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay),
in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials but, since Modernism, there has
been an almost complete freedom of materials and process. A wide variety of
materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or
modelling, or molded, or cast.
 History of sculpture
• Early carved human figurine are known from the cordilleras. Still
today, the bulols, or "Ifugao rice Gods," are kept in the house or
granary, and are usually made in pairs. They are carved of narra
wood, which represents wealth, happiness, and well-being. Every
step in their production requires a ceremony, from tree selection
to arrival at the owner's house. A consecrated bulol has been
bathed in pig's blood, had myths recited to it, and received
offerings of wine, ritual boxes, and rice cakes.
• The carvings brought to the Philippines by early Arab and Russian
missionaries were of beveled type as the slanting type called
Okkil. Although the word literally means XXX it is not confined to
carving alone but also refers to design.
 History of sculpture
• A familiar example of sculpture with the integration of
architecture is the Art Deco Style of the Metropolitan
Theater at Liwasang Bonifacio completed by Juan Arellano
in 1931.
• Woodcarving comes in ornamental form in the houses of
the Maranao like that of the "torogan" which features the
"panolong", an extended beam carved with the Sarimanok
or the Naga design.
• Napoleon V. Abueva is known as the "Father of Modern
Philippine Sculpture". He was born in Tagbilaran, Bohol in
1930. In 1951, he won the Pura Villanueva-Kalaw
scholarship and finished Bachelor of Arts in Sculpture in
University of the Philippines in 1953.
 History of sculpture
Philippine sculptures have undergone changes in terms of
shape, form, content as well as the mediums used. First
sculptures were primitive and native materials used are
stones and clays. During that time, sculptures created
depicted normal life and acts of worship and colors were also
limited.
Ethnic sculpture has been done using traditional media of
wood and stone, by carving, molding using clays and casting
when using metals. Carving involves removing of materials
from the wood or stone. Wood carving has been a part of the
ancient tradition of Malay wood carving in Southeast Asia
The transitional sculpture movements in the Philippines from
primitive to the modern ones were influenced by foreign
cultures and internal evolutions.
Sculpture is created in four basic ways:

• Carving
• Modeling
• Casting
• Construction
 Carving:
Subtractive process: material
is removed
Mainly wood and stone
(marble)
 Modeling:
Additive process: material is
added
Clay, wax, plaster, paper-mache
Casting: a mold is used to form
molten bronze(or other
material) into a desired shape.
Construction: welding,
gluing, nailing materials
together.
National Artist for
Visual Arts
 Napoleon Abueva
1930-
Year of Conferment: 1976
Born in Tagbiliran, Bohol, Napoleon Abueva is
considered the Father of modern Philippine
Sculpture. Abueva is also the youngest
awardee to receive the National Artist award.
He is the man behind famous artwork such as
The Transfiguration at the Eternal Gardens
Memorial Park, the Water Buffalo and the
bronze image of Teodoro M. Kalaw found in
facade of the National Library. The death
mask of famous personalities such as Benigno
Aquino, Jr. and Fernando Poe, Jr. are also
credit to this talented national artist.
THE TRANSFIGURATION AT THE
ETERNAL GARDEN MEMORIAL
PARK
THE DEATH MASK OF
BENIGO AQUINO JR.
THE DEATH MASK OF
FERNANDO POE, JR.
 Ang Kiukok
1931-2005
Year of Conferment: 2001

National artist Ang Kiukok was

born to immigant Chinese
parents Vicente Ang and Chin
Lim. He is one of the most
talented and energetic figures
who began his flourishinf career
during 1960s. His work continue
to inspire and influence filipino
looking at his works.
PIETA
Dog Fight
 Victorio C. Edades
1895-1985
Year of Conferment: 1976

National artist Victorio Edades is the

Father of modernism in Philippine art.
Edades showed his attraction toward
the style of impressionists such as
Cézanne and Paul Gauguin early in his
career. As compared with Amorsolo
who liked to use bright and vivid hues,
Edades’s colors were dark and gloomy.
Some of the remarkable works of art
by Victorio Edades are The Sketch,
Poinsettia Girl, The Wrestlers, Portrait
of the professor, and Japanese Girl.
THE SKETCH
Japanese Girl
 Cesar Legaspi
1917-1994
Year of Conferment: 1990

National artist Cesar Legaspi

was recognized as the
pioneer of the Neoralist
movement in the country.
Legaspi’s art is said to have
paved the way to the birth of
modern art in the
philippines.
Tree Planting
Gadgets
 Vicente Manansala
1910-1981
Year of Conferment: 1981
National artist Vicente Manansala was an
extraordinary illustrator and cubist
painter. Born in macabebe, pampangga,
Manansala’s painting depicted the barrio
and the city together ad were often
characterized, according to NCCA, as “as
vision of reality teetering on the edge of
abstraction.” His famous masterpeice, the
Madonna of the slum represents a
mother and child from the country. In his
other canvasses such as the jeepney and
Birdman, he combined the elements of
provincial folk culture with the usy street
of the city.
Madonna of the slum
Birdman
 Hernando R. Ocampo
1911-1978
Year of Conferment: 1991

Being a self-taught painter did not stop

Hernando R. Ocampo from becoming a
National Artist for Visual Arts. He is not
exceptional visual artist.
KASAYSAYAN NG LAHI
REVELATION 8