LEADERSHIP STRATEGIES

POWER – POSSESSION OF CONTROL, AUTHORITY, OR

INFLUENCE OVER OTHERS
A. TYPES OF POWER
1. Formal II. Personal
Coercive : Derived from being able to Expert: Based on the followers'
penalize or punish others, ex. a teacher perceptions of the leader's competence,
who can lower a student's grade for ex. a person with strong knowledge of a
missing class
software program.
Reward : Derived from having the
capacity to provide benefits to others, Referent : Based on followers'
ex. a supervisor capable of awarding identification and liking of the leader,
bonuses ex. a college professor that is highly
admired by students
Legitimate: Associated with having
status or formal job authority, ex. a
judge who presides over a case.
Empowerment of nurses
The ability to act according to one's knowledge and judgment is
known as control over the content of nursing practice and is often
synonymous with autonomy.

Advocacy – is the act or process of supporting a cause or proposal.

Advocate is defined as one that pleads, defends, or supports a
cause or interest of another.
SOCIO-HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF
THE ADVOCACY ROLE.
1960
The modern advocacy movement has its roots in the USA
and Canada.
When the family and friends at conferences for people
with Cerebral Palsy started to ask thought provoking
questions such as “What will happen to my child when I’m
gone and not able to speak up for them?” The answer to
that question was “If there is no family willing or able to
speak up for a person, then perhaps they could continue
to have a voice through a Citizen Advocate.”
SOCIO-HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF
THE ADVOCACY ROLE.
1981
The first advocacy scheme in the UK was set up by an alliance of several
charities concerned with people with learning difficulties or mental health
problems.
These alliances of charities and user groups gradually put pressure on
the government to fit advocacy into the Mental Health Act.
2005
Mental Capacity was established and introduced the role of
Independent Mental Capacity Advocate. It gives some people who lack
capacity a right to receive support from the organization.
SOCIO-HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF
THE ADVOCACY ROLE.
2009
Amendments to the Mental Health Act. Anyone who is detained in
a secure Mental Health setting, under the Act, is entitled to access
support from an Independent Mental Health Advocate.
1996
the birth of Dudley Advocacy
SOCIO-HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF
THE ADVOCACY ROLE.
1998
registered charity organization
started out as Citizen Advocacy project working with volunteers
but now we also do advocacy on :
Statutory
Parent
Generic
Mental Health
Learning Disability Advocacy which includes both volunteers
and paid advocates.
PRINCIPLES OF ADVOCACY
Clarity of purpose Supporting advocates
Independence Accountability

Person centered approach Confidentiality

Complaints
Empowerment
Safeguarding
Equal opportunity
Accessibility
STRATEGIES OF ADVOCACY

1. Locality development is appropriate where a high degree of

consensus exists about a social problem.

Matter of mobilizing slack resources and energizing the interested

parties around a common concern.
An example of locality development would be a rural health nurse
working with community residents and local organizations to
monitor and safeguard the quality of local well water.
STRATEGIES OF ADVOCACY
2. Social planning
Determining the optimal
distribution of a scarce
resource, or the most
cost-effective
technology for achieving
an agreed-upon service
outcome.
Collaboration with other
health and human
service professionals.
STRATEGIES OF ADVOCACY
3. Social action
An example would be a nurse
who concludes that toxic
emissions from a local industrial
plant pose a danger to
residents in a surrounding
minority community, and need
to be stopped.