CHAPTER 3

INTRODUCTION
TO ENGINEERING
DESIGN

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 Chapter 3 Topics Outline
• Engineering design process
• Engineering economics
• Material selection
• Teamwork
• Conflict resolution
• Project scheduling and task chart
• Evaluating alternatives
• Patent, trademark, and copyright
• Engineering standards and codes
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 Steps in the Engineering Design
Process
1. Recognize the need for a product or
service.
2. Define and understand the problem (the
need) completely.
3. Do the preliminary research and
preparation
4. Conceptualize ideas for possible
solutions

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 Steps in the engineering design
process
5. Synthesize the findings.
6. Evaluate good ideas in more detail.
7. Optimize solutions to arrive at the best
possible solution.
8. Present the final solution.

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 Step 1: Recognizing the Need for a
Product or a Service

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 Engineering Economics
• Economic factors always play important
roles in engineering design decision
making.

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 Material Selection
• Electrical resistivity • Strength-to-weight ratio
• Density • Thermal expansion
• Modulus of elasticity • Thermal conductivity
(Young’s modulus) • Heat capacity
• Modulus of rigidity • Viscosity
(Shear modulus) • Vapor pressure
• Tensile strength • Bulk modulus of
• Compression strength compressibility
• Modulus of resilience
• Modulus of toughness

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 Teamwork: Common traits of good teams
• The project that is assigned to a team must have clear
and realistic goals. These goals must be understood and
accepted by all members of the team.
• The team should be made up of individuals with
complementary expertise, problem solving skills,
background, and talent.
• The team must have a good leader.
• The team leadership and the environment in which
discussions take place should promote openness,
respect, and honesty.
• Team needs and goals should come before individual
needs and goals.
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 Conflict Resolution
• Collaborative “conflict resolution”
approach:

Instead of pointing a finger at someone

and blaming an individual for the problem,
the conflict is treated as a problem to be
solved by the team.

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 Project Scheduling and Task Chart

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 Evaluating Alternatives

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 Patent, Trademark, and Copyright

• Patent: when you come up with an invention, in

order to prevent others from making, using, or
selling your invention, file for a patent
• Trademark and service mark: name, word, or
symbol that a company uses to distinguish its
products or services from others
• Copyright: form of protection to the authors of
“original works of authorship” covering literary,
dramatic, musical, artistic, and other types of
intellectual works
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 Engineering Standards and Codes

• Why do we need standards and codes?

Standards and codes have been

developed to ensure that we have safe
structures, safe transportation systems,
safe electrical systems, safe drinking
water, and safe indoor/outdoor air quality.

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 Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
The Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) is a nonprofit organization that
performs product safety tests and certifications. Founded in 1894, today
Underwriters Laboratories has laboratories in the United States, England,
Denmark, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Japan, Singapore, and Taiwan. Its
certification mark is one of the most recognizable marks on products.

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 Group Homework No. 3
• You have seen bottled water and soda, in
tin can or in plastic container. Investigate
the design of these bottles and cans and
discuss what you think are important
design parameters. Choose at least three
(3) different designs of bottles.

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 Group Homework No. 3
• (3.16 page 74) Introduction to Engineering by Saeed Moaveni

– Obtain information about what the colors on an

electrical resistor mean. Create a table showing the
electrical resistor codes. Your table should have a
column with colors: Black, Brown, Red, Orange,
Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet, Gray, White, Gold, and
Silver and a column showing the values. Imagine that
you are making this table for others to use; therefore,
include at least two examples of how to read the
codes on electrical resistors at the bottom of your
table.
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 Group Homework No. 3
• (3.18 page 74) Introduction to Engineering by Saeed Moaveni

– Collect information on the American Wire Gage

(AWG) standards. Create a table for annealed copper
wires showing the gage number, diameter in mils,
cross-sectional area, and resistance per 1000 ft.

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