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 Why do we need them?

 It is known that Voltage(V) of a power supply


system must be maintained at a constant value.
 Other wise the performance of any motor/machinery
will drop considerably.
 When any new load is given to an un-regulated
AC Generator, the V drop is more substantial

time
Automatic Voltage Regulator

 Close control of generator volatge is required


to prevent such dips in V.
 This control is achieved by an Automatic
Voltage Regulator (AVR)
 The real need of the AVR is to deal with the
voltage dip following the sudden connection of
extra load and to restore the rated Voltage
without undue overshooting and
regeneration(i.e. volatge hunting)
Automatic Voltage Regulator

V
time

There are two stages that follow when the extra


load is connected.
 Transient Stage(followed by recovery)
 Steady state condition
o Response time for restoration within 3% of voltage dip is 1.5seconds
o Steady state voltage regulation at any p.f. within rated p.f. and unity p.f.
Is +/-2.5%
Automatic Voltage Regulator

There are three basic parts to an AVR


 Error detecting element
 Correcting Element
 Stabilizing Element
Automatic Voltage Regulator
Automatic Voltage Regulator

The AVR senses the DG output voltage and acts to alter the field
current to maintain the output voltage at its set value
The excitation voltage can be set by the hand trimmer
The VOLTAGE SENSING unit transforms down, rectifies and
smoothes the generator output voltage. This produces DC signal
proportional to the actual generator voltage.
This signal is compared with the set value at the
COMPARATOR
The ‘error’ signal from the Comparator is used to control the
excitation current through ERROR AMP. and CONTROLLER.
Automatic Voltage Regulator
Thank You

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