.

NET Framework
&
C#
 .NET Framework
 Problem background
 Solution
 Common Language Runtime (CLR)
 MS Intermediate Language
 MSIL Structure
 MSIL and Java bytecode
 Introduction to C# language
 C# Structure
 C# Features
Problems Background
 Good code is hard to write
 All system features in any language
 COM problems
 Platform Interoperability
 Automatic memory management
 Object-Oriented features in and between all PLs
 Safety & Security
 Better Access to OS functions
 Interoperate with COM (both as client & server)
Solution (Common Language Runtime)
Managed Code in Common Language Runtime

Managed Code

Common Language Runtime

Requests for existing feature New CLR-Only Feature

Win 32 OS
Solution (Microsoft Intermediate Language)
Different Languages are Compiled into MSIL

Development Just-In-Time
tools compiler
Source code : MS Intermediate Platform specific
Any languages Language code
.Net platform features
 Automatic memory management
 Explicit Versioning
 OO features in any languages
 Accessing system functionality throw a
hierarchical namespace
 Code security
 Interoperability with COM
Costs:
 OS got harder to write
 More memory and CPU time
CLR structure
Compare with traditional ways
C# VB C++ J-script other

Compiler

C++ Intermediate Language

Compiler JIT econoJIT PreJIT

Executable Executables

Existing OS .NET CLR

Machine hardware
A simple example
 TimeComponent.vb

Imports Microsoft.VisualBasic

' Declare the namespace that clients will use to access

' the classes in this component

Namespace TimeComponentNS

Public Class TimeComponent

Public Function GetTime(ByVal ShowSeconds As Boolean) As String

If (ShowSeconds = True) Then
Return Now.ToLongTimeString
Else
Return Now.ToShortTimeString
End If

End Function
End Class
End Namespace
 Timeclient.cs
using System ;
using TimeComponentNS ;

class MainApp
{
public static void Main()
{

// Declare and create a new component of the class

// provided by the VB server we wrote

TimeComponent tc = new TimeComponent ( ) ;

// Call the server's GetTime method. Write its

// resulting string to a console window.

Console.Write (tc.GetTime (true)) ;

}
}
Assembly

A logical collection of one or more exe and dll file

containing an application’s code and resources
It contains
1-Codes in MSIL
2-Manifest
A metadata description of the code and resources
Metadata

 What classes and method it contains

 What external objects it requires
 What version of code it represents
Manifest example (TimeComponent.dll)
.assembly extern mscorlib
{
.publickeytoken = (B7 7A 5C 56 19 34 E0 89 ) // .z\V.4..
.ver 1:0:2411:0
}
.assembly extern Microsoft.VisualBasic
{
.publickeytoken = (B0 3F 5F 7F 11 D5 0A 3A ) // .?_....:
.ver 7:0:0:0
}
.assembly TimeComponent
{
.hash algorithm 0x00008004
.ver 0:0:0:0
}
.module TimeComponent.dll
// MVID: {144ACC38-E825-45C4-83A6-C2A9E5A901DD}
.imagebase 0x00400000
.subsystem 0x00000002
.file alignment 512
.corflags 0x00000001
// Image base: 0x032a0000
Private or Public

 Private

In client directory
 Public (shared)

In Global Assembly Cache (GAC)

\\winnt\assembly
Namespaces
 A logical division within which a name
need to be unique
 The best way to handle a large list of
system objects and functions
 System namespace (implemented in
several separated DLLs
 We can import a namespace
 Your code can have its own namespace
Versioning
DLL Hell
Replacing a DLL used by an existing client, with
a newer version (or vice versa)
 .NET provides a standard way to specify
version
 Each client assembly uses its own
specified versions of related assemblies
Object oriented programming

 Whether to smarten up non-object

oriented languages or dump down OO
languages
 .NET provides all languages with
inheritance and constructors features
 Virtual Object Model
 All .NET classes inherit from the base
class System.Object
 Equals
 GetHashCode
 GetType
 ToString
Cross-language inheritance
Because of the standardized IL architecture
you can inherit form a class in another
language
For example:
System.Object
.NET memory management

 .NET CLR provides all languages with

automatic memory management.
 Garbage collector automatically removes
unreferenced objects
 You can force a garbage collection
manually
Interoperability with COM objects

.NET Supports interoperation with COM object

as client or server via a runtime callable
wrapper or a COM Callable Wrapper
Using COM objects from .NET objects
Using .NET objects from COM objects
Transaction in .NET

 Transaction ensure the integrity of

databases during complex operations
 Native .NET objects can also participate in
transactions with a simple attribute
Structured exception handling

 .NET provides structured exception

handling as a fundamental feature
available in and between all languages
 The exception handler can tell exactly
where the exception originated by using a
stack trace
Code access security
 Most software comes from web
 A user doesn’t know whether a Web code is safe
or not
 .NET allows an administrator to specify
privileges that each managed code has.
 You can specify these privileges in three level
by modifying XML-based files
 Enterprise
 Machine
 User
\\winnt\microsoft.net\framework\[c.v.]\config\