DIMENSIONAL

ENGINEERING
Based on the ASME Y14.5M-
1994 Dimensioning and
Tolerancing Standard
 Tolerances
of Form

Straightness Flatness
(ASME Y14.5M-1994, 6.4.1) (ASME Y14.5M-1994, 6.4.2)

Circularity Cylindricity
(ASME Y14.5M-1994, 6.4.3) (ASME Y14.5M-1994, 6.4.4)
 Straightness
(Flat Surfaces)
0.5 0.1

25 +/-0.25

0.1 Tolerance

0.5 Tolerance

Straightness is the condition where an element of a

surface or an axis is a straight line
 Straightness
(Flat Surfaces)
0.5 Tolerance Zone

25.25 max
24.75 min

0.1 Tolerance Zone

In this example each line element of the surface must lie

within a tolerance zone defined by two parallel lines
separated by the specified tolerance value applied to each
view. All points on the surface must lie within the limits of
size and the applicable straightness limit.

The straightness tolerance is applied in the view where the

elements to be controlled are represented by a straight line
Extreme Variations of Form
Allowed By Size Tolerance
25
24.9

25
24.9 (MMC)
(LMC)

24.9
(LMC)

MMC Perfect
Form Boundary
25
(MMC)

24.9
(LMC)

External Feature of Size

Extreme Variations of Form
Allowed By Size Tolerance
25.1
25

25.1
25 (LMC)
(MMC)

25.1
(LMC)

MMC Perfect
Form Boundary
25
(MMC)

25.1
(LMC)

Internal Feature of Size

 Straightness
(Surface Elements)
0.1

0.1 Tolerance Zone

MMC

0.1 Tolerance Zone

MMC

0.1 Tolerance Zone

MMC

In this example each longitudinal element of the surface must

lie within a tolerance zone defined by two parallel lines
separated by the specified tolerance value. The feature must
be within the limits of size and the boundary of perfect form at
MMC. Any barreling or waisting of the feature must not
exceed the size limits of the feature.
 Straightness (RFS)
0.1

0.1 Diameter
Tolerance Zone

MMC

Outer Boundary (Max)

Outer Boundary = Actual Feature Size + Straightness Tolerance

In this example the derived median line of the feature’s actual local
size must lie within a tolerance zone defined by a cylinder whose
diameter is equal to the specified tolerance value regardless of
the feature size. Each circular element of the feature must be
within the specified limits of size. However, the boundary of
perfect form at MMC can be violated up to the maximum outer
boundary or virtual condition diameter.
 Straightness (MMC)
15
14.85
0.1 M

0.1 Diameter
15
Tolerance Zone
(MMC)

15.1 Virtual Condition

14.85 0.25 Diameter

(LMC) Tolerance Zone

15.1 Virtual Condition

Virtual Condition = MMC Feature Size + Straightness Tolerance

In this example the derived median line of the feature’s actual local size
must lie within a tolerance zone defined by a cylinder whose diameter is
equal to the specified tolerance value at MMC. As each circular element
of the feature departs from MMC, the diameter of the tolerance cylinder
is allowed to increase by an amount equal to the departure from the local
MMC size. Each circular element of the feature must be within the
specified limits of size. However, the boundary of perfect form at MMC
can be violated up to the virtual condition diameter.
 Flatness
0.1

25 +/-0.25

0.1 Tolerance Zone

0.1 Tolerance Zone

25.25 max
24.75 min

In this example the entire surface must lie within a tolerance

zone defined by two parallel planes separated by the specified
tolerance value. All points on the surface must lie within the
limits of size and the flatness limit.

Flatness is the condition of a surface having all elements in

one plane. Flatness must fall within the limits of size. The
flatness tolerance must be less than the size tolerance.
 Circularity
(Roundness)
0.1

90
0.1
90

0.1 Wide Tolerance Zone

In this example each circular element of the surface must lie within a
tolerance zone defined by two concentric circles separated by the
specified tolerance value. All points on the surface must lie within the
limits of size and the circularity limit.

Circularity is the condition of a surface where all points of the

surface intersected by any plane perpendicular to a common
axis are equidistant from that axis. The circularity tolerance
must be less than the size tolerance
 Cylindricity

0.1

0.1 Tolerance Zone

MMC

In this example the entire surface must lie within a tolerance zone
defined by two concentric cylinders separated by the specified
tolerance value. All points on the surface must lie within the limits of
size and the cylindricity limit.

Cylindricity is the condition of a surface of revolution in which

all points are equidistant from a common axis. Cylindricity is a
composite control of form which includes circularity
(roundness), straightness, and taper of a cylindrical feature.
Tolerances of
Orientation

Angularity
(ASME Y14.5M-1994 ,6.6.2)

Perpendicularity
(ASME Y14.5M-1994 ,6.6.4)

Parallelism
(ASME Y14.5M-1994 ,6.6.3)
 Angularity
(Feature Surface to Datum Surface)

20 +/-0.5

0.3 A

o
30

A
19.5 min 20.5 max

o o
30 30

0.3 Wide 0.3 Wide

A Tolerance
A Tolerance
Zone Zone

The tolerance zone in this example is defined

by two parallel planes oriented at the
specified angle to the datum reference plane.

Angularity is the condition of the planar feature surface at a

specified angle (other than 90 degrees) to the datum
reference plane, within the specified tolerance zone.
 Angularity
(Feature Axis to Datum Surface)
NOTE: Tolerance applies
to feature at RFS

0.3 A

0.3 Circular
0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone
Tolerance Zone

o
60

A A
The tolerance zone in this example is defined by a
cylinder equal to the length of the feature, oriented
at the specified angle to the datum reference plane.

Angularity is the condition of the feature axis at a specified

angle (other than 90 degrees) to the datum reference plane,
within the specified tolerance zone.
 Angularity
(Feature Axis to Datum Axis)

NOTE: Feature axis must lie

within tolerance zone cylinder
0.3 A

NOTE: Tolerance
applies to feature
at RFS

A 0.3 Circular
0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone
Tolerance Zone

45 o

Datum Axis A

The tolerance zone in this example is defined by a

cylinder equal to the length of the feature, oriented
at the specified angle to the datum reference axis.

Angularity is the condition of the feature axis at a specified

angle (other than 90 degrees) to the datum reference axis,
within the specified tolerance zone.
 Perpendicularity
(Feature Surface to Datum Surface)

0.3 A

0.3 Wide 0.3 Wide Tolerance

Tolerance Zone Zone

A The tolerance zone in this example is A

defined by two parallel planes oriented
perpendicular to the datum reference
plane.
Perpendicularity is the condition of the planar feature
surface at a right angle to the datum reference plane, within
the specified tolerance zone.
 Perpendicularity
(Feature Axis to Datum Surface)

0.3 Diameter
Tolerance Zone

NOTE: Tolerance applies

to feature at RFS
C
0.3 Circular
Tolerance Zone 0.3 Circular
Tolerance Zone
0.3 C

The tolerance zone in this example is

defined by a cylinder equal to the length of
the feature, oriented perpendicular to the
datum reference plane.

Perpendicularity is the condition of the feature axis at a right

angle to the datum reference plane, within the specified
tolerance zone.
 Perpendicularity
(Feature Axis to Datum Axis)

NOTE: Tolerance applies

to feature at RFS
0.3 A

A 0.3 Wide Tolerance

Zone

Datum Axis A

The tolerance zone in this example is

defined by two parallel planes oriented
perpendicular to the datum reference axis.

Perpendicularity is the condition of the feature axis at a right

angle to the datum reference axis, within the specified
tolerance zone.
 Parallelism
(Feature Surface to Datum Surface)

0.3 A

25 +/-0.5

0.3 Wide Tolerance Zone 0.3 Wide Tolerance Zone

25.5 max 24.5 min

A The tolerance zone in this example

A
is defined by two parallel planes
oriented parallel to the datum
reference plane.
Parallelism is the condition of the planar feature surface
equidistant at all points from the datum reference plane,
within the specified tolerance zone.
 Parallelism
(Feature Axis to Datum Surface)

NOTE: The specified tolerance

does not apply to the orientation
of the feature axis in this direction

NOTE: Tolerance applies

to feature at RFS 0.3 Wide Tolerance
Zone
0.3 A

A The tolerance zone in this example A

is defined by two parallel planes
oriented parallel to the datum
reference plane.

Parallelism is the condition of the feature axis equidistant

along its length from the datum reference plane, within the
specified tolerance zone.
 Parallelism
(Feature Axis to Datum Surfaces)

0.3 Circular
Tolerance Zone

NOTE: Tolerance applies

to feature at RFS
0.3 Circular
Tolerance Zone 0.3 Circular
Tolerance Zone
0.3 A B

The tolerance zone in this example is

A defined by a cylinder equal to the
A
length of the feature, oriented parallel
to the datum reference planes.

Parallelism is the condition of the feature axis equidistant

along its length from the two datum reference planes, within
the specified tolerance zone.
 Parallelism
(Feature Axis to Datum Axis)
The tolerance zone in this example is
defined by a cylinder equal to the
length of the feature, oriented
parallel to the datum reference axis.

NOTE: Tolerance applies

to feature at RFS
0.1 Circular
Tolerance Zone 0.1 A

0.1 Circular Datum Axis A

Tolerance Zone

Parallelism is the condition of the feature axis equidistant along

its length from the datum reference axis, within the specified
tolerance zone.
Tolerances
of Runout

Circular Runout
(ASME Y14.5M-1994, 6.7.1.2.1)

Total Runout
(ASME Y14.5M-1994 ,6.7.1.2.2)
 Features Applicable
to Runout Tolerancing
Internal surfaces
constructed around a
datum axis

External surfaces
constructed around
a datum axis Angled surfaces
constructed around
a datum axis
Datum axis (established
from datum feature

Surfaces constructed
perpendicular to a
datum axis
Datum feature
 Circular Runout
Total Circular runout can only be applied on an
Tolerance RFS basis and cannot be modified to
MMC or LMC.

Maximum Minimum

Full Indicator
Movement

Maximum Minimum
Reading Reading Measuring position #1
(circular element #1)
0
+ -

Full Part
Rotation

Measuring position #2
(circular element #2)

When measuring circular runout, the indicator must be reset to zero at each measuring position
along the feature surface. Each individual circular element of the surface is independently
allowed the full specified tolerance. In this example, circular runout can be used to detect 2-
dimensional wobble (orientation) and waviness (form), but not 3-dimensional characteristics
such as surface profile (overall form) or surface wobble (overall orientation).
 Circular Runout
(Angled Surface to Datum Axis)

0.75 A

50 +/-0.25

o o
50 +/- 2
As Shown
on Drawing

Means This: The tolerance zone for any individual circular

element is equal to the total allowable movement
of a dial indicator fixed in a position normal to the
Allowable indicator true geometric shape of the feature surface when
reading = 0.75 max. the part is rotated 360 degrees about the datum
Full Indicator
( Movement ) axis. The tolerance limit is applied independently
to each individual measuring position along the
- 0
+ feature surface.

Collet or Chuck
When measuring circular
runout, the indicator must
be reset when repositioned
Datum axis A
along the feature surface.

360 o Part
Rotation

NOTE: Circular runout in this example only

controls the 2-dimensional circular elements
Single circular (circularity and coaxiality) of the angled feature
element surface not the entire angled feature surface
 Circular Runout
(Surface Perpendicular to Datum Axis)
0.75 A

50 +/-0.25

As Shown
on Drawing

Means This: The tolerance zone for any individual circular

element is equal to the total allowable movement
of a dial indicator fixed in a position normal to the
true geometric shape of the feature surface when
the part is rotated 360 degrees about the datum
axis. The tolerance limit is applied independently
to each individual measuring position along the
Single circular feature surface.
element
- 0
+ When measuring circular runout, the indicator must
be reset when repositioned along the feature surface.

360 o Part Allowable indicator

reading = 0.75 max.
Rotation

Datum axis A

NOTE: Circular runout in this example will

only control variation in the 2-dimensional
circular elements of the planar surface (wobble
and waviness) not the entire feature surface
 Circular Runout
(Surface Coaxial to Datum Axis)
0.75 A

50 +/-0.25

As Shown
on Drawing

The tolerance zone for any individual circular element is equal

Means This: to the total allowable movement of a dial indicator fixed in a
position normal to the true geometric shape of the feature
surface when the part is rotated 360 degrees about the datum
axis. The tolerance limit is applied independently to each
individual measuring position along the feature surface.
0
+ -
When measuring circular runout,
Allowable indicator the indicator must be reset when
reading = 0.75 max. repositioned along the feature
surface.

Single circular element

360 o Part Datum axis A

Rotation

NOTE: Circular runout in this example will

only control variation in the 2-dimensional
circular elements of the surface (circularity and
coaxiality) not the entire feature surface
 Circular Runout
(Surface Coaxial to Datum Axis)
0.75 A-B

A B

As Shown
on Drawing

The tolerance zone for any individual circular element is equal

Means This: to the total allowable movement of a dial indicator fixed in a
position normal to the true geometric shape of the feature
surface when the part is rotated 360 degrees about the datum
axis. The tolerance limit is applied independently to each
individual measuring position along the feature surface.
0
+ -
When measuring circular runout,
Allowable indicator the indicator must be reset when
reading = 0.75 max. repositioned along the feature
surface.

Machine
center
Single circular element
Datum axis A-B

Machine
center
360 o Part
NOTE: Circular runout in this example will
Rotation only control variation in the 2-dimensional
circular elements of the surface (circularity and
coaxiality) not the entire feature surface
 Circular Runout
(Surface Related to Datum Surface and Axis)

A
B
0.75 A B

50 +/-0.25

As Shown
on Drawing

The tolerance zone for any individual circular element is

Means This: equal to the total allowable movement of a dial indicator fixed
in a position normal to the true geometric shape of the
feature surface when the part is located against the datum
surface and rotated 360 degrees about the datum axis. The
tolerance limit is applied independently to each individual
measuring position along the feature surface.
Single circular element
Allowable indicator
reading = 0.75 max.
Stop collar

360 o Part
0
+ -
Collet or Chuck
Rotation

Datum axis B

When measuring circular runout,

the indicator must be reset when
repositioned along the feature
surface. Datum plane A
 Total Runout
Total Total runout can only be applied on an
Tolerance RFS basis and cannot be modified to
MMC or LMC.

Maximum Minimum

Full Indicator
Movement

Maximum Minimum
Reading Reading

+
0
-

Indicator Full Part

Path Rotation

0
+ -

When measuring total runout, the indicator is moved in a straight line along the feature surface
while the part is rotated about the datum axis. It is also acceptable to measure total runout by
evaluating an appropriate number of individual circular elements along the surface while the part
is rotated about the datum axis. Because the tolerance value is applied to the entire surface, the
indicator must not be reset to zero when moved to each measuring position. In this example,
total runout can be used to measure surface profile (overall form) and surface wobble (overall
orientation).
 Total Runout
(Angled Surface to Datum Axis)

0.75 A
A

50 +/-0.25

o o
50 +/- 2
As Shown
on Drawing

Means This: The tolerance zone for the entire angled surface is
equal to the total allowable movement of a dial
indicator positioned normal to the true geometric
When measuring total runout, the
indicator must not be reset when shape of the feature surface when the part is
repositioned along the feature rotated about the datum axis and the indicator is
surface. moved along the entire length of the feature
- 0
+ surface.

0 Allowable indicator reading = 0.75 max.

- +
(applies to the entire feature surface)

Collet or Chuck

Full Part Datum axis A

Rotation

NOTE: Unlike circular runout, the use of total runout

will provide 3-dimensional composite control of the
cumulative variations of circularity, coaxiality,
angularity, taper and profile of the angled surface
 Total Runout
(Surface Perpendicular to Datum Axis)

0.75 A
10

35
50 +/-0.25

A As Shown
on Drawing

Means This: The tolerance zone for the portion of the feature surface
indicated is equal to the total allowable movement of a dial
indicator positioned normal to the true geometric shape of the
feature surface when the part is rotated about the datum axis
and the indicator is moved along the portion of the feature
surface within the area described by the basic dimensions.

0
- +
When measuring total runout, the indicator
10 - 0
+ must not be reset when repositioned along the
feature surface.

35 Allowable indicator reading = 0.75 max.

(applies to portion of feature surface indicated)

Full Part
Rotation Datum axis A

NOTE: The use of total runout in this example

will provide composite control of the cumulative
variations of perpendicularity (wobble) and
flatness (concavity or convexity) of the feature
surface.
Tolerances
of Profile

Profile of a Line
(ASME Y14.5M-1994, 6.5.2b)

Profile of a Surface
(ASME Y14.5M-1994, 6.5.2a)
 Profile of a Line
20 X 20

A1 B

20 X 20

A3

20 X 20

A2

1 A B C

17 +/- 1

1 Wide Profile
2 Wide Size Tolerance Zone
Tolerance Zone

18 Max

16 Min.

The profile tolerance zone in this example is defined by two

parallel lines oriented with respect to the datum reference
frame. The profile tolerance zone is free to float within the
larger size tolerance and applies only to the form and
orientation of any individual line element along the entire
surface.

Profile of a Line is a two-dimensional tolerance that can be applied to a

part feature in situations where the control of the entire feature surface as
a single entity is not required or desired. The tolerance applies to the line
element of the surface at each individual cross section indicated on the
drawing.
 Profile of a Surface
20 X 20

A1 B

20 X 20

A3

20 X 20

A2

C 2 A B C

23.5

A
2 Wide Tolerance Zone
Size, Form and Orientation

Nominal
23.5
Location

The profile tolerance zone in this example is defined by two parallel

planes oriented with respect to the datum reference frame. The profile
tolerance zone is located and aligned in a way that enables the part
surface to vary equally about the true profile of the feature.

Profile of a Surface is a three-dimensional tolerance that can be applied

to a part feature in situations where the control of the entire feature
surface as a single entity is desired. The tolerance applies to the entire
surface and can be used to control size, location, form and/or orientation
of a feature surface.
 Profile of a Surface
(Bilateral Tolerance)
20 X 20
A1 B

20 X 20

A3

20 X 20

A2

1 A B C

C
50

1 Wide Total B
Tolerance Zone

0.5 Inboard
0.5 Outboard C

50 Nominal Location

The tolerance zone in this example is defined by two parallel planes

oriented with respect to the datum reference frame. The profile tolerance
zone is located and aligned in a way that enables the part surface to
vary equally about the true profile of the trim.

Profile of a Surface when applied to trim edges of sheet metal parts will control
the location, form and orientation of the entire trimmed surface. When a
bilateral value is specified, the tolerance zone allows the trim edge variation
and/or locational error to be on both sides of the true profile. The tolerance
applies to the entire edge surface.
 Profile of a Surface
(Unilateral Tolerance)
20 X 20
A1 B

20 X 20

A3

20 X 20

A2

0.5 A B C

C
50

0.5 Wide Total B

Tolerance Zone

50 Nominal Location

The tolerance zone in this example is defined by two parallel planes

oriented with respect to the datum reference frame. The profile tolerance
zone is located and aligned in a way that allows the trim surface to vary
from the true profile only in the inboard direction.

Profile of a Surface when applied to trim edges of sheet metal parts will control
the location, form and orientation of the entire trimmed surface. When a
unilateral value is specified, the tolerance zone limits the trim edge variation
and/or locational error to one side of the true profile. The tolerance applies to
the entire edge surface.
 Profile of a Surface
(Unequal Bilateral Tolerance)
20 X 20
A1 B

20 X 20

A3

20 X 20

A2

0.5

1.2 A B C

C
50

1.2 Wide Total B

Tolerance Zone

0.5 Inboard
0.7 Outboard C

50 Nominal Location

The tolerance zone in this example is defined by two parallel planes

oriented with respect to the datum reference frame. The profile tolerance
zone is located and aligned in a way that enables the part surface to
vary from the true profile more in one direction (outboard) than in the
other (inboard).
Profile of a Surface when applied to trim edges of sheet metal parts will control
the location, form and orientation of the entire trimmed surface. Typically when
unequal values are specified, the tolerance zone will represent the actual
measured trim edge variation and/or locational error. The tolerance applies to
the entire edge surface.
Profile of a Surface

Location &
0.5 A Orientation
0.1 Form Only
25

0.1 Wide Tolerance Zone

25.25
24.75

Composite Profile of Two Coplanar

Surfaces w/o Orientation Refinement
Profile of a Surface

0.5 A Location
0.1 A Form & Orientation

25

0.1 Wide Tolerance Zone

25.25

A 0.1 Wide Tolerance Zone

24.75

Composite Profile of Two Coplanar

Surfaces With Orientation Refinement
Tolerances
of Location

True Position
(ASME Y14.5M-1994, 5.2)

Concentricity
(ASME Y14.5M-1994, 5.12)

Symmetry
(ASME Y14.5M-1994, 5.13)
 Coordinate vs Geometric
Tolerancing Methods
8.5 +/- 0.1
1.4 A B C
8.5 +/- 0.1
Rectangular Circular Tolerance
Tolerance Zone Zone

10.25 +/- 0.5 10.25

B

10.25 +/- 0.5 10.25 C

Coordinate Dimensioning Geometric Dimensioning

+/- 0.5
1.4

+/- 0.5

Rectangular Tolerance Zone Circular Tolerance Zone

Circular Tolerance Zone

57% Larger
Tolerance Zone
Rectangular Tolerance Zone

Increased Effective Tolerance

Positional Tolerance Verification
(Applies when a circular tolerance is indicated)
X
Z
Feature axis actual
location (measured)

Positional
tolerance zone
Y
cylinder
Actual feature Feature axis true
boundary position (designed)

Formula to determine the actual radial

position of a feature using measured
coordinate values (RFS)

Z= X2 + Y2
Z positional tolerance /2
Z = total radial deviation
X2 = “X” measured deviation
Y2 = “Y” measured deviation
Positional Tolerance Verification
(Applies when a circular tolerance is indicated)
X
Z
Feature axis actual
location (measured)

Positional
tolerance zone
Y
cylinder
Actual feature Feature axis true
boundary position (designed)

Formula to determine the actual radial

position of a feature using measured
coordinate values (MMC)
Z = X2 + Y2
Z +( actual - MMC)
2
= positional tolerance
Z = total radial deviation
X2 = “X” measured deviation
Y2 = “Y” measured deviation
 Bi-directional True Position
Rectangular Coordinate Method
2X 1.5 A B C

2X 0.5 A B C

C A

10
B As Shown
10 35 on Drawing
2X 6 +/-0.25

Means This:
True Position Related
1.5 Wide to Datum Reference Frame
Tolerance
Zone
C

10
B
10 35 0.5 Wide
Tolerance Zone

Each axis must lie within the 1.5 X 0.5 rectangular tolerance zone
basically located to the datum reference frame
 Bi-directional True Position
Multiple Single-Segment Method
2X 6 +/-0.25
1.5 A B C
0.5 A B

C A

10
B As Shown
10 35 on Drawing

Means This:
True Position Related
1.5 Wide to Datum Reference Frame
Tolerance
Zone
C

10
B
10 35 0.5 Wide
Tolerance Zone

Each axis must lie within the 1.5 X 0.5 rectangular tolerance zone
basically located to the datum reference frame
 Bi-directional True Position
Noncylndrical Features (Boundary Concept)

2X 13 +/-0.25 2X 6 +/-0.25
1.5 M A B C 0.5 M A B C
BOUNDARY BOUNDARY

C A

10
B As Shown
10 35 on Drawing

5.75 MMC length of slot

Means This: -0.50 Position tolerance
Both holes must be within the size limits and no 5.25 maximum boundary
portion of their surfaces may lie within the area
described by the 11.25 x 5.25 maximum
boundaries when the part is positioned with 12.75 MMC width of slot
respect to the datum reference frame. The -1.50 Position tolerance
boundary concept can only be applied on an 11.25 Maximum boundary
MMC basis.
True position boundary related
to datum reference frame

90 o
10 A
10 35 B
 Composite True Position
Without Pattern Orientation Control
2X 6 +/-0.25
1.5 A B C
0.5 A

C A

10
B As Shown
10 35 on Drawing

Means This:
1.5 Pattern-Locating
0.5 Feature-Relating Tolerance Zone Cylinder
Tolerance Zone Cylinder pattern location relative
pattern orientation relative to to Datums A, B, and C
Datum A only (perpendicularity)

10 True Position Related

B
to Datum Reference
10 35 Frame

Each axis must lie within each tolerance zone simultaneously

 Composite True Position
With Pattern Orientation Control
2X 6 +/-0.25
1.5 A B C
0.5 A B

C A

10
B As Shown
10 35 on Drawing

Means This:
1.5 Pattern-Locating
True Position Related Tolerance Zone Cylinder
pattern location relative
to Datum Reference to Datums A, B, and C

Frame
C

10
B 0.5 Feature-Relating
Tolerance Zone Cylinder
10 35 pattern orientation relative to
Datums A and B

Each axis must lie within each tolerance zone simultaneously

 Location (Concentricity)
Datum Features at RFS

6.35 +/- 0.05

0.5 A
A

15.95
15.90

As Shown on Drawing
Means This: Axis of Datum 0.5 Coaxial
Feature A Tolerance Zone

Derived Median Points of

Diametrically Opposed Elements

Within the limits of size and regardless of feature size, all median points of
diametrically opposed elements must lie within a 0.5 cylindrical
tolerance zone. The axis of the tolerance zone coincides with the axis of
datum feature A. Concentricity can only be applied on an RFS basis.
 Location (Symmetry)
Datum Features at RFS

6.35 +/- 0.05

0.5 A
A

15.95
15.90

As Shown on Drawing
Means This: Center Plane of 0.5 Wide
Datum Feature A Tolerance Zone

Derived Median
Points

Within the limits of size and regardless of feature size, all median points
of opposed elements must lie between two parallel planes equally
disposed about datum plane A, 0.5 apart. Symmetry can only be
applied on an RFS basis.
Extreme Variations of Form
Allowed By Size Tolerance
25.1 25
25 24.9

25.1 25
25 (LMC) 24.9 (MMC)
(MMC) (LMC)

25.1 24.9
(LMC) (LMC)

MMC Perfect
Form Boundary
25 25
(MMC) (MMC)

25.1 24.9
(LMC) (LMC)
 Virtual and
Resultant
Condition
Boundaries
Internal
Features (MMC Concept)
Virtual Condition Boundary
Internal Feature (MMC Concept)

14 +/- 0.5
1M A B C

A
C
XX.X

XX.X
B
As Shown on Drawing
Virtual Condition
1 Positional
Inner Boundary
Tolerance Zone at
( Maximum Inscribed
Diameter ) MMC

True (Basic)
Position of Hole

Other Possible
Extreme Locations

Boundary of MMC Hole True (Basic)

Position of Hole Axis Location of
Shown at Extreme Limit
MMC Hole Shown
at Extreme Limit

Calculating Virtual Condition

13.5 MMC Size of Feature
1 Applicable Geometric Tolerance
12.5 Virtual Condition Boundary
Resultant Condition Boundary
Internal Feature (MMC Concept)

14 +/- 0.5
1M A B C

A
C
XX.X

XX.X
B
As Shown on Drawing

Resultant Condition 2 Positional

Outer Boundary Tolerance Zone at
LMC
( Minimum Circumscribed
Diameter )
True (Basic)
Position of Hole

Other Possible
Extreme Locations

Boundary of LMC Hole True (Basic)

Position of Hole Axis Location of
Shown at Extreme Limit
LMC Hole Shown
at Extreme Limit

Calculating Resultant Condition (Internal Feature)

14.5 LMC Size of Feature
2 Geometric Tolerance (at LMC)
16.5 Resultant Condition Boundary
 Virtual and
Resultant
Condition
Boundaries
External
Features (MMC Concept)
 Virtual Condition Boundary
External Feature (MMC Concept)

14 +/- 0.5
1M A B C

A
C
XX.XX

XX.X
B
As Shown on Drawing

Virtual Condition 1 Positional

Outer Boundary Tolerance Zone at
MMC
( Minimum Circumscribed
Diameter )
True (Basic)
Position of Feature

Other Possible
Extreme Locations

Boundary of MMC Feature True (Basic)

Position of Feature Axis Location of
Shown at Extreme Limit
MMC Feature Shown
at Extreme Limit

Calculating Virtual Condition

14.5 MMC Size of Feature
1 Applicable Geometric Tolerance
15.5 Virtual Condition Boundary
Resultant Condition Boundary
External Feature (MMC Concept)

14 +/- 0.5
1M A B C

A
C
XX.X

XX.X
B
As Shown on Drawing
Resultant Condition 1 Positional
Inner Boundary Tolerance Zone at
( Maximum Inscribed
Diameter ) LMC

True (Basic)
Position of Feature

Other Possible
Extreme Locations

Boundary of LMC feature True (Basic)

Position of Feature Axis Location of
Shown at Extreme Limit
LMC Feature Shown
at Extreme Limit

Calculating Resultant Condition (External Feature)

13.5 LMC Size of Feature
1 Geometric Tolerance (at LMC)
11.5 Resultant Condition Boundary