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MANIFESTATION OF
LIFE
Biology
- Is the branch of science that studies living things.

What are the Characteristics of living things?

1. Living things have an orderly structure.

- The chemical components of a living organism are
much more complex and organized than those in
nonliving things.

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Atom-Molecule-Cell-Tissue-Heart-OrganSystem-
Organism-Population-Community-Ecosystem-
Biosphere
2. Living things are organized into basic units of life called cells.
- A cell is a packet of highly organized living material enclosed by a
membrane.

- Cells are the basic units of structure, function, and reproduction in

living organisms.

3. Living things use energy.

- Most organisms depend, directly or indirectly, on energy from the
sun.

- Green plants use the sun’s energy to make food, which supports
the plants themselves.

- Organisms use the energy to maintain and also increase the

degree of orderliness of their bodies.
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4. Living things are irritable.
- Living things respond to stimuli.
- Most animals respond rapidly to
environmental changes by making
some sort of movements such as
running away, changing colors,
and releasing toxins.
- Plants respond more slowly but
still actively. Stems and leaves
bend toward light, and roots grow
downward.
- Living things also respond to
internal stimulus, constantly
regulating builogical processes to
maintain homeostasis.
5. Living things develop.
- Living organisms change as they
grow in particularly complex ways
called development.
- A non living crystal grows by
addition of identical or similar units.
It grows in size but not in its
complexity.
- Heritable programs contained in
the genes direct the pattern of
growth and development.
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6. Living things reproduce.

- New cells arise only from the division of other cells.

- New organisms arise only from the reproduction of

other, similar, organisms.

- Organisms produce their own kind, providing continuity

of life via sexual and asexual mechanisma.

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7. Living things are coded by genes.

- An organism’s genetic material.( its chromosomes and genes

in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA) Contains
information specifying the possible range of organism’s
development, structure, function, and response to its
environment.

- An organism passes on genetic information to its offspring

and this is why offspring are similar to their parents.

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8. Living things evolve and adapt to their
environments.
- Today’s organisms have arisen by evolution. ( The
descent of organisms from more ancient forms of life)

- Evolution proceeds in such a way that living things

and their components are well adapted to their ways
of life.

- The Earth is forever changing its physical demands

dictate the selective pressures that ultimately influence
evolution

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 The end!
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