NANOROBOTS

1) ARJUN S. GADGUL
(S.E. E&TC)

2) SHIVKUMAR U. BIRAJDAR.
(S.E. E&TC)

AMRUTVAHINI COLLEGE OF ENGG.

SANGAMNER.
KEY WORDS
NANOTECHNOLOGY:-technology for microscopic
devices: the art of manipulating materials on a very
small scale in order to build microscopic machinery.

NANOROBOTS:-nanorobot is a tiny machine

designed to perform a specific task or tasks repeatedly
and with precision at nanoscale dimensions.
INTRODUCTION
Nano means very very small.
Nanotechnology has made use of such small
things on a large scale possible products
manufactured.
One of the most “happening” and promising field
of nanotechnology is ‘Nanorobotics’.
Nanorobots are of special interest to researchers
in the medical industry.
APPROACHES FOR
NANOTECHNOLOGY
TOP-DOWN:-In the top-down process, technologists
start with a bulk material and create out a smaller
structure from it.
This is the process commonly used today to create
computer chips, the tiny memory and logic units, also
known as integrated circuits that operate computers.
BOTTOM-UP:-The bottom-up approach involves the
manipulation of atoms and molecules to form
nanostructures.
TOOLS FOR
NANOTECHNOLOGY
SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE (STM).

ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE (AFM).

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (TEM).

SCANNING TUNNELING
MICROSCOPE
An STM uses a tiny probe, the tip of
which can be as small as a single
atom, to scan an object.
Tunneling allows electrons emitted
from the probe of the microscope to
penetrate, or tunnel into, the
surface of the object being
examined.
These moving electrons generate a
tiny electric current that the STM
measures.
ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY.
An AFM uses a tiny silicon tip, usually less
than 100 nm in diameter, as a probe to
create an image of a sample material.
As the silicon probe moves along the surface
of the sample, the electrons of the atoms in
the sample repel the electrons in the probe.
A sensing mechanism records the up-and-
down movements of the probe and feeds the
data into a computer, which creates a three-
dimensional image of the surface of the
sample.
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON
MICROSCOPE (TEM)
The TEM uses a high-energy electron beam to probe
material with a sample thickness of less than 100 nm.
The electron beam is directed onto the object to be
magnified.
can magnify an object up to 30 million times.
TEMs are suitable for imaging objects with
dimensions of less than 100 nm, and they yield
information on the size of the nanostructure, its
composition, and its crystal structures.
NANOROBOT FINDING PATH NANOROBOT AVOIDING OBSTACLES

NANOROBOT DELIVERING
DRUG
NANOROBOTS IN MEDICAL
SCIENCE
The advantages of tiny technology are perhaps most
apparent in medicine.
Smaller foreign mechanical devices will be able to
reach the places where the larger equivalent can’t.

CANCER KILLERS:- The nanorobot would flow freely

throughout the body, locate cancerous cells, and
supply poison that would kill a cancerous cell.
 Artificial Red Blood Cell
Another application of a
nanorobot would be to provide
oxygen in the event of impaired
circulation.
In nanomedicine, Freitas claims
to have already designed such an
artificial red blood cell.
He refers to his simple medical
robot as a "reciprocate".
 Nanopowder
Nanopowders contain particles
less than 100 nm in size
(1/10,000th the thickness of a
human hair).

The physical, chemical and

biological properties of such
small particles allow industry to
incorporate enhanced
functionalities into products.
Membranes
Nanotechnology can address one of
the most pressing issues of the 21st
Century — “safe, clean and affordable
water”.

‘Nanomembrane filtration devices’

that ‘clean the polluted water’, are
being explored by research teams in
the US, Israel and Australia at various
prosperous research centers .
FUTURE DIRECTION:-
• As this is a young field, present literature is relatively sparse and
leaves much room for expansion of information. Specifically, the
design of nanorobots needs more attention.

• Nanorobots hold promise for a strong presence in medicine to

come. It proves essential when damage to the human body is highly
selective, subtle, or time-critical.

• The Department of Defense health scientists issued a statement in

1997, which says that nanomedicine will play a major role by the year
2020, with initial applications focused in diagnostics and
pharmaceutical manufacturing, and later proceeding into applications
inside the body.

 
CHALLENGES
• Understanding ‘self-assembly’ which are the
properties of some molecules to arrange themselves
into a desired pattern or devices.

• To improve one’s control over how things are

built, so that products can be of the highest quality
and cause the lowest environmental degradation.

•Need for packing and protection from environment

for the nano products is also a big challenge.

• It is also equally important to understand the

relation of nanotechnology to other technologies

• Transforming the micro scale systems with the

nano scale systems is the biggest problem.
CONCLUSION:-
 Nanorobots can theoretically destroy all common
diseases of the 20th Century , there by ending much of
the pain and suffering .

 Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary study of particles,

devices and system at the nano scale.

 Research shows that operation at the nanoscale may

prove quiet useful in area such as medicine and the
environment.