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of BRICS
GROUP 5
ANKIT AGARWAL
NABIN KUMAR
RAHUL KUMAR
SUJOY SENGUPTA
CONTENTS
BRICS- Introduction
Why Socio Economic Parameters?
Economic Parameters
Income Distribution Parameters
Human Development Index
Life Expectancy Parameters
Literacy Parameters
Health Parameters
Sustainable Development Parameters
Conclusion
21-08-2018
BRICS - Introduction US$16.6 trillion
3.6 billion
Russia
22%
40%
GDP
2009
First BRIC summit South Africa
21-08-2018 3
Why Socio Economic Parameters?
Higher economic
Economic While economic
growth drives higher
development means growth is a measure of
economic
Economic growth an improvement in increase in real GDP
development of
means an increase in the quality of life and per capita Economic
people of that country
real national income / living standards, e.g. development goes
but sometimes the
national output. measures of literacy, beyond it and looks
benefits reach only to
life-expectancy and into how it is affecting
a portion of the
health care. the life of others.
population.
21-08-2018 4
Gross Debt to GDP (%) GDP at Current Prices in Dollars
120
Brazil Russia India China South Africa
100
25000
80
20000
60
40 15000
20 10000
Economic Parameters
0
5000
2007
2018
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
0
Brazil Russia India China South Africa
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
IMF Data (http://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/datasets/WEO/5) IMF Data (http://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/datasets/WEO/1)
Gross Debt to GDP is quite high for Brazil whereas its quite low
GNI per capita (PPP) in Dollars for Russia
30000
Russia has the highest quantum of natural resources globally
25000 and has very low external debt as Russia paid off USSR’s
20000 external debt
15000
Following the financial crisis of 2008, the debt level of SA has
10000
been increasing to stimulate its growth
China is world’s second largest GDP whereas India is 7th largest
5000
Gross National Income per Capita is quite high for Russia
0
whereas its quite low for India due to its huge population
2003
2000
2001
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
The population of India is 130 crores which is 9 times that of
Brazil Russia India China South Africa Russia
IMF Data (http://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/datasets/WEO/1) 21-08-2018 5
Unemployment Rate (% of Total Labour Force) Poverty ratio at National poverty lines (% of
35 population)
30 70
Income Distribution Parameters
25 60
50
20
40
15
30
10 20
5 10
0 0
2012
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2004
2015
2000
2001
2002
2003
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Brazil Russia India China South Africa Brazil Russia India China South Africa
Unemployment rate is quite high in South Africa and A significant portion of Indian population approximately 21.9 %
have actually increased in recent years as per Census 2011 are still below the poverty line (threshold of
The youth finds difficult to find the 1st job even after 1.90 $ per day)
matriculation whereas the elderly find difficult as they BRICS countries have significantly improved the living standards
don’t have matriculation of millions of citizens but there is a lot of scope of improvement
Brazil has been embroiled in recession, credit boom South Africa is also rallying under huge poverty numbers of its
cycle and there have been corruption allegations on citizens
former & current Presidents causing unemployment Russia is split into 85 official regions out of which just 10 regions
The BRICS nation are facing problem of jobless growth. are economically stable due to disproportionate natural
China is doing much better in terms of employment due resources availability thereby leading to poverty in other
to its investment in manufacturing sector but it is also regions
facing problems in recent times. Due to high unemployment in SA, they also have been facing
In India, the number of Jobs getting created are far less unemployment and the children have become vulnerable
than what required. 21-08-2018 6
Human Development Index 2015 The human development Index takes into account
Human Development Index, GINI Coefficient three factors-
140 131 0.9
0.804
119 0.8
Life Expectancy
120 0.754 0.738 0.7 Access to education
100 90 0.666
79
0.624 0.6 Gross National Income of per Capita
80 0.5 Countries are ranked on a scale of 0 to 1. It indicates
60 49 0.4
the disparity in economic development of the
0.3
40
0.2
different section of people in a country.
20 0.1 Population in sever multidimensional poverty is very
0 0 high in India compared to people near
BRAZIL RUSSIA INDIA CHINA SOUTH AFRICA multidimensional poverty being high in China & SA.
HDI Rank 2016 HDI Score National Skill development programs are going to
play a crucial part in ensuring higher HDI score for
UNDP Data for HDI 2015 (http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/HDI) India.
GINI Coefficient 2013 The GINI coefficient gives the income inequality of a
nation.
South Africa has one of the worst income inequality
63.1 which reflects in its rank.
54.7 India has the best GINI coefficient among the BRICS
40.1 42.1 nations.
33.9 The high economic growth rate over last two decades
in India & china is not reducing the income inequality
indicating wealth is getting generated for a limited
individuals rather than at large.
Growth with equity should be the goal for the
Brazil Russia India China South Africa countries.
125.8 57.7
South Africa 62.1
76
China 69
Life Expectancy Parameters
60.8 53.8 59.9 68.3
47.7
40.5 India 57.9
26 70.3
16.4 9.6 10.7 Russia 68
74.7
Brazil 65.3
Brazil Russia India China South
Africa
1990 2015 2015 1990
UNDP Data for Child Mortality (http://hdr.undp.org/en/data) UNDP Data for Life Expectancy (http://hdr.undp.org/en/data)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4047
99.7
92.6 96.4 94.3 individuals aged 25–34 years
72.1
10.4
SOUTH AFRICA 7.4
10.2
7.6
8.9
800/)
5.6
2.9
Literacy Parameters
7.21
Health Parameters
Brazil Russia India China South Brazil Russia India China South
Africa Africa
40 34.2
23.7
17.7
20
0
BRAZIL RUSSIA INDIA CHINA SOUTH AFRICA
CO2 Emission Per Capita 2006 Environment Kuznet Curve shows inverted U relationship
between economic growth and indicator of environment.
12.5 China responsible for 29% emission second most after US
followed by India at 6% and Russia at 5%.
8.9
7.6 The developing nations are trying to implement
5.0 renewable sources of energy and as per Paris act have
2.5 promised to cut the emissions to reach target by 2020.
1.6
The access to proper sanitation is still an issue in India
with only 34.2% population having it.
Brazil Russia India China South
Africa
World
South Africa in recent times is facing serious drought
conditions which has reduced the water access levels.
UNDP Data for CO2 Emission 2013 (http://hdr.undp.org/en/data)
21-08-2018 11
Conclusion
In countries
There is a lot of themselves there is a
The BRICS nations are There is a lot of scope
disparity in socio lot of divide among the
driving the world’s for the countries to
economic people’s condition
growth engine and are learn from one another
development of BRICS which needs to be
going to play a very and implement
nations which needs to addressed in a
important part in programs which
be bridged so that the sustainable socio
world development in reaches wider section
development reaches economic
21st century of the society
to the last person development model
for all
21-08-2018 12
QUESTIONS ??
THANKS!