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Belts, ropes, and chain drives are used to transmit power from one shaft to another. There are different types of belt drives that can transmit small, medium, or large power depending on the belt speed. Common belt types include flat, V, and circular belts made from materials like leather, cotton, rubber, and balata. Basic flat belt drive configurations include open, crossed, quarter turn, idler pulley, compound, stepped pulley, and fast/loose pulley drives. The velocity ratio of a belt drive depends on the diameters of the driver and driven pulleys. Compound belt drives can have velocity ratios that are the product of the diameter ratios between multiple pulleys. Slip and creep occur when
Belts, ropes, and chain drives are used to transmit power from one shaft to another. There are different types of belt drives that can transmit small, medium, or large power depending on the belt speed. Common belt types include flat, V, and circular belts made from materials like leather, cotton, rubber, and balata. Basic flat belt drive configurations include open, crossed, quarter turn, idler pulley, compound, stepped pulley, and fast/loose pulley drives. The velocity ratio of a belt drive depends on the diameters of the driver and driven pulleys. Compound belt drives can have velocity ratios that are the product of the diameter ratios between multiple pulleys. Slip and creep occur when
Belts, ropes, and chain drives are used to transmit power from one shaft to another. There are different types of belt drives that can transmit small, medium, or large power depending on the belt speed. Common belt types include flat, V, and circular belts made from materials like leather, cotton, rubber, and balata. Basic flat belt drive configurations include open, crossed, quarter turn, idler pulley, compound, stepped pulley, and fast/loose pulley drives. The velocity ratio of a belt drive depends on the diameters of the driver and driven pulleys. Compound belt drives can have velocity ratios that are the product of the diameter ratios between multiple pulleys. Slip and creep occur when
Belts, ropes and chain drives are used to transmit
power from one shaft to another. TYPES OF BELT DRIVES • Light drives: These are used to transmit small power at belt speeds upto about 10m/s as in agricultural machines and small machine tools. • Medium drives: Trasmit medium power at belt speed over 10m/s but upto 22m/s as in machine tools. • Heavy drives: Transmit large power at belt speeds above 22m/s as in compressors and generators. Types of Belts • Flat belt • V-belt • Circular belt or rope Flat Belt V-belt Circular belt or rope Material used for Belts • Leather Belt • Cotton Belts • Rubber Belts • Balata Belts Types of flat belt drives • Open belt drive • Crossed belt drive • Quarter Belt drive • Belt drive with idler pulleys • Compound belt drive • Stepped pulley drive • Fast and loose pulley drive OPEN BELT DRIVE • The open belt drive, is used with shafts arranged parallel and rotating in the same direction. Thus the tension in the lower side belt will be more than that in the upper side belt. The lower side belt (because of more tension) is known as tight side whereas the upper side belt (because of less tension) is known as slack side. CROSSED BELT DRIVE • The crossed belt drive is used with shafts arranged parallel and rotating in the opposite directions.Driver pulls the belt from one side (i.e. RQ) and delivers it to the other side (i.e. LM). Thus the tension in the belt RQ will be more than that in the belt LM. The belt RQ (because of more tension) is known as tight side, whereas the belt LM (because of less tension) is known as slack side. QUARTER TURN BELT DRIVE • The quarter turn belt drive also known as right angle belt drive is used with shafts arranged at right angles Belt drive with idler pulleys A belt drive with an idler pulley is used with shafts arranged parallel and when an open belt drive cannot be used due to small angle of contact on the smaller pulley. Compound Belt Drive A compound belt drive is used when power is transmitted from one shaft to another through a number of pulleys. Stepped Pulley Drive A stepped or cone pulley drive is used for changing the speed of the driven shaft while the main or driving shaft runs at constant speed. Velocity Ratio of Belt Drive It is the ratio between the velocities of the driver and the follower or driven. Let d1 = Diameter of the Driver d2 =Diameter of the follower N1 = Speed of the Driver N2= Speed of the follower ∴ Length of the belt that passes over the driver, in one minute = d 1.N1 Similarly, length of the belt that passes over the follower, in one minute = d 2 . N2 Since the length of belt that passes over the driver in one minute is equal to the length of belt that passes over the follower in one minute, therefore d 1 . N 1 = d 2 . N2 ∴ Velocity ratio, N2 /N1=d1/d2 When the thickness of the belt (t) is considered, then velocity ratio, N2/N1=d1+t/d2+t Velocity Ratio of a Compound Belt Drive Velocity ratio of pulleys 1 and 2, N2/N1=d1/d2 (i) Velocity ratio of pulleys 3 and 4, N4/N3=d3/d4 (ii) equations (i) and (ii), N2/N1xN4/N3=d1/d2xd3/d4 N4/N1=d1xd3/d2xd4 Multiplying if there are six pulleys, then N6/N1=d1xd3xd5/d2xd4xd6 Speed of last driven= Product of diameters of drivers Speed of first driver Product of diameters of drivens SLIP Insufficient frictional grip causes some forward motion of the driver without carrying the belt and may also cause some forward motion of the belt without carrying the driven pulley with it. This is called the slip of the belt. CREEP OF BELT Length of open belt drive Length of a cross belt drive In a cross belt drive, both the pulleys rotate in opposite directions. Power transmitted in belt Let T1 and T2 =Tensions in the tight and slack side of the belt R1 and r2 =Radii of the driver and the follower V=velocity of the belt in m/s
Then power transmitted in the belt P= (T1-T2)v W
Ratio of driving tensions for flat belt drive Angle of contact for open belt drive Angle of contact for crossed belt drive