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Pharmacokinetics is
* the study of rate processes involved in
the absorption, distribution, metabolism,
and excretion of drugs
* their relationship to the
pharmacological, therapeutic, or toxic
response in animal or humans
MEANING
AROUND D D
Distribution Central Peripheral
OUT D D
Elimination
Central Peripheral
Pharmacokinetic parameters
• rates constant (How fast?)
• transferable concentration (How much?)
3.The uses of pharmacokinetic knowledge are to
describe, predict and control the
pharmacological, therapeutic and toxic response
of a drug
(describe what happens?).
Sampling
Assay
CONCENTRATION
C concentration
C0 at time 0
Ct at any certain time
Cmax maximum concentration
Cmin minimum concentration
Css concentration at steady state
NOTATIONS and THE MEANING in PHARMACOKINETICS
VOLUME DISTRIBUTION
Vd Volume distribution
Vd Dose
Co
Influenced the amount of body fluid (hydrophilic /
hydrophobic), drug binding to proteins
NOTATIONS and THE MEANING in PHARMACOKINETICS
T ½ ELIMINATION
CLEARANCE (CL)
Gastric
Intestine
Lymphatic Intestinal Flora Rectal Bile
Intestinal Wall
Intra Peritoneal
liver
Iv, im, sc, buccal
Lungs inhalation
Pharmacogenetics
First Past effect
TDM Pharmacokinetics
Practical Chronophar-
therapeutics Drug delivery macokinetics
technology
COMPARTEMENT MODELS
Gentamycin Antibiotic 4 – 12
Warfarin Thromboembolism 1- 4
Orde-0
Any number of drugs, its elimination rate remains
Orde-1
Drug elimination velocity proportional to the amount of drug
remaining
REFFERENCES
1. Atlas of Pharmacology
2. Hakim, L. 2011. Farmakokinetik. Yogyakarta:
Bursa Ilmu
3. Another Pharmacology Handbooks