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INTERACTION
DFP4023 CHAPTER 1
Course Learning Outcomes:
⊸ Learning Outcomes:
▫ Relate the interaction between human and
computer
▫ Discuss human interaction usage
HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION:
DEFINITION
To optimize
performance of
human and computer
together as a system
What is HCI?
HCI
INTERACTIVE
PROCESS Interaction Models
Ergonomics
Interaction Styles
Context
Why is HCI Important?
Human characteristics
To understand the human as an information-processing system,
how humans communicate, and people’s physical and psychological
requirements
Human information processing
characteristics of the human as a processor of information
memory, perception, motor skills, attention, problem-solving,
learning skill, motivation, conceptual models, diversity...
Language, communication and interaction
aspects of language
syntax, semantics, pragmatics; conversational interaction,
specialized languages
Ergonomics
anthropometric and physiological characteristics of people and their
relationship to workspace and the environment
arrangement of displays and controls; cognitive and sensory
limits; effects of display technology; fatigue and health;
furniture and lighting; design for stressful and hazardous
environments; design for the disabled...
COMPONENTS OF AN INTERACTIVE
SYSTEM
HUMAN USER
NATURE OF
COMPUTER
INTERACTIVE
SYSTEM
PROCESS
HUMAN
▫ Long-term memory
Memories working
COMPUTER
⊸ Processing:
▫ The effects when systems run too slow or too fast,
the myth of the infinitely fast machine
▫ Limitations on processing speed
▫ Networks and their impact on system performance
Virtual
reality
Processing
system &
speed
3D
visualisation
COMPUTER
TECHNOLOGY • Have special
interaction and display
• Short-term, long-term,
devices
capacity limitation &
access method.
Memory Physical
capacity devices • Sound, smell,
sensors
INTERFACE STYLES
⊸ Familiar to user
⊸ speech recognition or typed natural language
⊸ Problems
▫ Vague – uncertain, unclear meaning
▫ Ambiguous – open to @ having several possible meaning.
▫ hard to do well!
⊸ Solutions
▫ pick on key words
⊸ Question/Answer interfaces
▫ user led through interaction via series of questions
▫ suitable for novice users but restricted functionality
▫ often used in information systems
▫ Example: ATM , web questionnaire
Windows
Icons
Menus
Pointers
⊸ scrollbars
▫ allow the user to move the contents of the window up and
down or from side to side
⊸ title bars
▫ describe the name of the window
Icons
⊸ important component
▫ WIMP style relies on pointing and selecting things
▫ Different shapes of cursor are often used to distinguish modes.
⊸ uses mouse, trackpad, joystick, trackball, cursor keys
or keyboard shortcuts
⊸ wide variety of graphical images
Point and Click
⊸ used in ..
▫ multimedia
▫ web browsers
▫ hypertext
⊸ minimal typing
3D Interface
⊸ virtual reality
⊸ ‘ordinary’ window systems
▫ highlighting
▫ visual affordance flat buttons …
▫ indiscriminate use
just confusing!
⊸ 3D workspaces
▫ use for extra virtual space
▫ light and occlusion give depth … or sculptured
▫ distance effects
THE ROLE OF ERGONOMICS
time…
Log on to https://kahoot.it by using PC or
your
mobile device
MODEL OF INTERACTION-
Norman’s execution-evaluation cycle
⊸ Seven stages
▫ user establishes the goal
▫ formulates intention
▫ specifies actions at interface
▫ executes action
▫ perceives system state
▫ interprets system state
▫ evaluates system state with respect to goal
goal
execution evaluation
system
user establishes the goal
formulates intention
specifies actions at interface
executes action
perceives system state
interprets system state
evaluates system state with respect to goal
execution/evaluation loop
goal
execution evaluation
system
user establishes the goal
formulates intention
specifies actions at interface
executes action
perceives system state
interprets system state
evaluates system state with respect to goal
execution/evaluation loop
goal
execution evaluation
system
user establishes the goal
formulates intention
specifies actions at interface
executes action
perceives system state
interprets system state
evaluates system state with respect to goal
INTERACTION