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A brief History of

Antimatter
1926 1928 1932
1905 1912
(Quantum (Relativistic (Positron
(Special Relativity) (Cosmic Ray)
Mechanics) QM) Discovery)

1905
Albert Einstein
Special Relativity
2
𝐸 = 𝑚𝑐
1926 1928 1932
1905 1912
(Quantum (Relativistic (Positron
(Special Relativity) (Cosmic Ray)
Mechanics) QM) Discovery)

1912
Victor Franz Hess
- Found and studied cosmic rays.
- The positron and the muon were
By Unknown - American physical society,
first discovered in cosmic rays.
Public Domain, here
- He shares Noble prize with Carl
Anderson.
1926 1928 1932
1905 1912
(Quantum (Relativistic (Positron
(Special Relativity) (Cosmic Ray)
Mechanics) QM) Discovery)
By Nobel foundation -here, Public Domain, here

1926-1930
Erwin Schrödinger (top)
Werner Heisenberg (bottom)
- Introduced QM to the world
- Their version of QM was not
CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, here
By Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-R57262 / Unknown /

relativistic
1926 1928 1932
1905 1912
(Quantum (Relativistic (Positron
(Special Relativity) (Cosmic Ray)
Mechanics) QM) Discovery)

1928
Paul Dirac
- Combined QM and SR
- Predicted that for every particle
there is an antiparticle, exactly
By Nobel Foundation - here, Public
matching the particle with
Domain, here
opposite charge.
1926 1928 1932
1905 1912
(Quantum (Relativistic (Positron
(Special Relativity) (Cosmic Ray)
Mechanics) QM) Discovery)

1932
Carl David Anderson
- As studying showers of cosmic
particles saw a track left by
"something positively charged, and
By Nobel foundation - here, Public
with the same mass as an electron".
Domain, here
- He shares Noble prize with Victor
Hess.
1934 1955 1956 1964
1954
(Invention of (Hand-made (Hand-made (Surprising
(Bevatron)
Cyclotron) Antiproton) Antineutron) Kaon Decay)

1934
Ernest Lawrence
- Invented Cyclotron
- won the Nobel prize in physics, "for
the invention and development of
the cyclotron and for results
By Nobel foundation - here, Public
Domain, here
obtained with it, especially with
regard to artificial radioactive
elements".
1934 1955 1956 1964
1954
(Invention of (Hand-made (Hand-made (Surprising
(Bevatron)
Cyclotron) Antiproton) Antineutron) Kaon Decay)
Laboratory)
The Bevatron in 1958 (Image: Lawrence Berkeley National

- The name comes from Bev --billion electronvolt.


- It was designed to collide protons at the expected
optimum energy for creating antiprotons.
1934 1955 1956 1964
1954
(Invention of (Hand-made (Hand-made (Surprising
(Bevatron)
Cyclotron) Antiproton) Antineutron) Kaon Decay)

1955
Owen Chamberlain
Emilio Segrè
Clyde Wiegand
Thomas Ypsilantis
- They made antiproton.
- Chamberlain and Segrè
won Nobel prize for
From left, Emilio Segrè, Clyde Wiegand, Edward Lofgren, discovery of antiproton
Owen Chamberlain, and Thomas Ypsilantis
members of the team that discovered the antiproton
Photo: courtesy of Berkeley Lab
1934 1955 1956 1964
1954
(Invention of (Hand-made (Hand-made (Surprising
(Bevatron)
Cyclotron) Antiproton) Antineutron) Kaon Decay)

1956
Bruce Cork
Glen Lambertson
Oreste Piccione
William Wenzel
- They made antineutron.
From left: William Wenzel, Bruce Cork, Glen Lambertson,
and Oreste Piccioni.
members of the team that discovered the antineutron at Bevatron
Photo: courtesy of Berkeley Lab
1934 1955 1956 1964
1954
(Invention of (Hand-made (Hand-made (Surprising
(Bevatron)
Cyclotron) Antiproton) Antineutron) Kaon Decay)
By Nobel foundation -here

1964
James Cronin (top)
Val Fitch (bottom)
- Both won Nobel prize for “the
discovery of violations of
By Nobel foundation -here

fundamental symmetry principles in


the decay of neutral K-mesons"
1981
1965 1978 1995 1997
(Matter-
(Observation of (Antimatter (First (Antiproton
Antimatter
Antinuclei) Storage) Antihydrogen) Cooler)
Collision)
1981
1965 1978 1995 1997
(Matter-
(Observation of (Antimatter (First (Antiproton
Antimatter
Antinuclei) Storage) Antihydrogen) Cooler)
Collision)
1981
1965 1978 1995 1997
(Matter-
(Observation of (Antimatter (First (Antiproton
Antimatter
Antinuclei) Storage) Antihydrogen) Cooler)
Collision)
1981
1965 1978 1995 1997
(Matter-
(Observation of (Antimatter (First (Antiproton
Antimatter
Antinuclei) Storage) Antihydrogen) Cooler)
Collision)
1981
1965 1978 1995 1997
(Matter-
(Observation of (Antimatter (First (Antiproton
Antimatter
Antinuclei) Storage) Antihydrogen) Cooler)
Collision)
2011 2011
2002
(Trapped (Antiproton
(Cold Antiatom)
Antiatom) Mass)
2011 2011
2002
(Trapped (Antiproton
(Cold Antiatom)
Antiatom) Mass)
2011 2011
2002
(Trapped (Antiproton
(Cold Antiatom)
Antiatom) Mass)

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