Chapter 31

The Collapse of the Old Order (1929-

1949)
Will Gorman, Virginia Henrici, Bridget Laas, Luke Lu, & Dexter Mueller
AP Theme: State Building, Expansion, and
Conflict
● Did the aftermath of WWI make WW2 inevitable? Discuss.
Discussion
● The common thread linking everything is this:
○ The hard times of WWI’s aftermath and the Great Depression created an environment which
led to expansion-driven dictatorships, ultimately culminating in the series of events directly
responsible for WWII
What was Stalin’s plan for improving the
Soviet economy and how did he handle
Five year plan
resistance?
● Quintuple the output of electricity and double that of
the heavy metal industry in 5 years

Collective Agriculture
● Consolidating small private farms into vast collectives
● Meant to prevent peasants and farmers from rebelling
or withholding crops

Terror
● Everyone felt they could be arrested at any minute for
any reason or even no reason
● The NKVD perpetuated this terror
The Great Depression: A male centered vision
“Business and government agencies started replaced their women workers with men,
arguing that men had to support their families whereas women only worked for the ‘pin
money.” - The Earth and Its peoples pg. 783

“...women's wages
remained a necessary
component in family
survival. In many
Great Depression
families, women were
1930: 10.5
the only
million women
in the workforce breadwinner” -
1940: 13 million Encyclopedia of the
Great Depression
What factors enabled fascists in Italy and
Germany to seize and maintain power?
● Italy
○ Veterans were dissatisfied
○ Violence
● Germany
○ Depression and severe economic woes
○ Economic turnaround
● Propaganda
○ Mass distribution
○ Control of media
Examples of Propaganda

Book and Musket make the Love God, the

Fatherland, Perfect Fascist
and Family
German Students Fight
for the Fuhrer and the People
What was appeasement before WWII and how
can it be explained in historical context?
● What was appeasement?
● How did Germany and Italy take advantage?
1. Germany withdraws from League of Nations
2. Germany starts conscription, creates an air force, and builds up army
3. Italy invades Ethiopia
4. Germany sends troops to French and Belgian borders
5. Germany invades Austria
6. Germany annexes Czechoslovakia
● Big three reasons
1. Deep seated fear of war
2. Fear of communism
3. Fascists were scum
What was the purpose and result of Japanese
expansion in Asia?
● Purpose:
○ Needed a fix for internal economic problems
○ Many valuable European colonies in Asia were left undefended
○ Decided conquering neighboring lands could provide easy money
○ Had little access to critical raw materials which America was restricting
○ Wanted to increase their sphere of influence
● Result:
○ America and Britain put a trade block on Japan
○ Were eventually defeated in World War 2
○ Lost all previously conquered land
Feature: Island Hopping and Aircraft Carriers
● Island hopping: What it is
○ Strategic benefits
○ Truk, Rabaul, Formosa
○ Compare with Mahan doctrine, Kantai Kessen
● Aircraft carriers:
○ Seaplane tenders
○ Carriers vs. Battleships
■ Ostfriesland
■ Prince of Wales and Repulse
■ Samar
○ Strike from afar
○ Major battles: Taranto, Pearl Harbor, Coral Sea, Midway, Philippine Sea
○ Issues: No night combat, bad with submarines, weather problems
The Battle of Tarawa: The first step to Japan
“But here came the planes-not just a few planes: a dozen, a score, a hundred. The first
torpedo bombers raced across the smoking conflagration and loosed their big bombs on an
island that must have been dead a half hour ago! ...Surely, we all thought, no mortal men
could live through such destroying power.” -Tarawa, the Story of a Battle by Robert Sherrod
 Date American CVs / CVLs Total Ships/ Japanese CVs / CVLs Total Ships/
(# of aircraft) Total Aircraft (# of aircraft) Total
(ships in bold indicate new builds) (ships in bold indicate new builds) Aircraft
Saratoga (88), Wasp (76) Kaga (90), Akagi (91), Soryu (71), Hiryu (73), Zuikaku (84), Shokaku (84),
7/1/42- 2 CV 6 CV
Ryujo (38), Zuiho (30)
12/31/42 2 CVL
164 561
Saratoga (88), Wasp (76), Essex (82), Independence (33), Princeton (33) Kaga (90), Akagi (91), Soryu (71), Hiryu (73), Zuikaku (84), Shokaku (84),
1/1/43- 3CV 6 CV
Ryujo (38), Zuiho (30)
6/30/42 2 CVL 2 CVL
321 561
Saratoga (88), Wasp (76), Essex (91), Bunker Hill (91), Yorktown (91), Lexington II (91), Intrepid (91), Independence Kaga (90), Akagi (91), Soryu (71), Hiryu (73), Zuikaku (84), Shokaku (84),
7/1/43- 7 CV 6 CV
(33), Princeton (33), Belleau Wood (33), Cowpens (33), Monterey (33), Langley (33), Cabot (33) Ryujo (38), Zuiho (30)
12/31/43 7 CVL 2 CVL
850 561
Saratoga (88), Wasp (76), Essex (91), Bunker Hill (91), Yorktown (91), Lexington (91), Wasp II (91), Intrepid (91), Hornet Kaga (90), Akagi (91), Soryu (71), Hiryu (73), Zuikaku (84), Shokaku (84),
1/1/44- 10 CV 6 CV
II (91), Franklin (91), Independence (33), Princeton (33), Belleau Wood (33), Cowpens (33), Monterey (33), Langley (33), Ryujo (38), Zuiho (30), Chiyoda (30), Chitose (30)
6/30/44 Bataan (33), San Jacinto (33) 9 CVL 4 CVL
1189 621
Saratoga (88), Wasp (76), Essex (91), Bunker Hill (91), Yorktown (91), Lexington (91), Wasp (91), Intrepid (91), Hornet (91), Kaga (90), Akagi (91), Soryu (71), Hiryu (73), Zuikaku (84), Shokaku (84),
7/1/44- 14 CV 9 CV
Franklin (91), Ticonderoga (91), Hancock (91), Bennington (91), Shangri-La (91), Independence (33), Princeton (33), Taiho (60), Unryu (65), Amagi (65), Ryujo (38), Zuiho (30), Chiyoda (30),
12/31/44 Belleau Wood (33), Cowpens (33), Monterey (33), Langley (33), Bataan (33), San Jacinto (33) 9 CVL Chitose (30) 4 CVL
1,553 811
Saratoga (88), Wasp (76), Essex (91), Bunker Hill (91), Yorktown (91), Lexington (91), Wasp (91), Intrepid (91), Hornet (91), Kaga (90), Akagi (91), Soryu (71), Hiryu (73), Zuikaku (84), Shokaku (84),
1/1/45- 17 CV 11 CV
Franklin (91), Ticonderoga (91), Hancock (91), Bennington (91), Shangri-La (91), Bon Homme Richard (91), Randolph Taiho (60), Unryu (65), Shinano (45), Amagi (65), Katsuragi (65), Ryujo
6/1/45 (91), Antietam (91), Independence (33), Princeton (33), Belleau Wood (33), Cowpens (33), Monterey (33), Langley (33), 9 CVL (38), Zuiho (30), Chiyoda (30), Chitose (30) 4 CVL
Bataan (33), San Jacinto (33)
1,826 941
Saratoga (88), Wasp (76), Essex (91), Bunker Hill (91), Yorktown (91), Lexington (91), Wasp (91), Intrepid (91), Hornet (91), Kaga (90), Akagi (91), Soryu (71), Hiryu (73), Zuikaku (84), Shokaku (84),
7/1/45- 20 CV 12 CV
Franklin (91), Ticonderoga (91), Hancock (91), Bennington (91), Shangri-La (91), Bon Homme Richard (91), Randolph (91), Taiho (60), Unryu (65), Shinano (45), Amagi (65), Katsuragi (65), Kasagi
12/31/45 Antietam (91), Coral Sea (120), Lake Champlain (91), Boxer (91), Independence (33), Princeton (33), Belleau Wood (33), 9 CVL (?) (65), Ryujo (38), Zuiho (30), Chiyoda (30), Chitose (30), Ibuki (?) (27) 5 CVL
Cowpens (33), Monterey (33), Langley (33), Bataan (33), San Jacinto (33)
2,128 1,033
How did military decisions in World War 2
represent a different approach to warfare?
● Blitzkreig:
○ Emphasis on offense
● War of Science:
○ Race to create nuclear bomb
○ Monumental developments in Aircraft
○ Code Breaking
○ Battlefield Medical advances
○ Transition away from sheer numbers deciding battles to better technology
deciding battles
● Reliance on Civilians:
○ Scientists were no longer dismissed by military planners
○ Civilian workforce churned out valuable military machinery
○ Women worked in an effort to support the troops
To what extent was genocide in WW 2 part of a
strategic military plan?
● The Holocaust:
○ Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany’s rough economic
situation and believed that if Germany could unite
around a common enemy, Germany could turn their
situation around
○ Hitler used the killing of Jews as a political move
which garnered support from those who believed him
○ Many of Hitler’s loud “motivating” speeches centered
around his animosity for Jews which was shared by
many Germans
○ Hitler set up an extensive system of camps which
killed more than six million Jews no matter their
situation (women, kids, & the elderly)
Jeopardy
playfactile.com/apworldchapter31
Links
https://medium.com/the-thirties/employment-of-women-in-the-1930s-5998fd255f5

https://www.encyclopedia.com/economics/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/women-impact-great-depression

https://familyinequality.wordpress.com/tag/womens-employment/

http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/tarawa.htm