Chemical Process Calculation

CH B 202
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
UNIT I : UNITS AND DIMENSIONS
UNIT II : GAS CALCULATIONS
UNIT III : MATERIAL BALANCE
UNIT IV : HUMIDITY AND SATURATION
UNIT V : THERMO PHYSICS &THERMOCHEMISTRY
Mathematics & Engineering
Why do we need Units & Dimensions?
 The “Gimli Glider” Incident
(23 July 1983)

Pounds Vs Kilograms

The pilot - fuel requirement - 22,300 kg (49,200 lb); A floatstick check : 7,682 litres
 The “Gimli Glider” Incident
(23 July 1983)
• 1 Litre of fuel = 0.803 kg
• 7,682 litres × 0.8 = 6,169 kg fuel already on board
• 22,300 kg − 6,169 kg = 16,131 kg additional fuel req.
• 16,131 kg ÷ 0.8 = 20,088 litres additional fuel required
• 1 Litre of fuel = 0.803 kg = 1.77 lb
• 7,682 litres × 1.77 = 13,597 ‘kg’
• 22,300 kg − 13,597 kg = 8,703 kg
• 8,703 kg ÷ 1.77 = 4,917 litres
The Mars Climate Orbiter Incident
(23 September 1999)
Newton vs Pound Force
The 7 Fundamental (Base)
Dimensions
Basic Chemical Calculations
Basic Chemical Calculations
Basic Chemical Calculations
Basic Chemical Calculations
Basic Chemical Calculations
Basic Chemical Calculations
Basic Chemical Calculations
Basic Chemical Calculations
Basic Chemical Calculations
Mole, Atomic Mass, Molar Mass
Mole, Atomic Mass, Molar Mass
Mole, Atomic Mass, Molar Mass
Mole
Mole, Atomic Mass, Molar Mass
Mole – Chemical Compounds

• Amount of substance equal to its formula

weight / molar mass (M)
• 1 atom Al = 27 g Al
• 1 atom Na = 23 g Na
• 1 mol O2 = 2 g atom O2 = 32 g O2
• 1 mol NaCl = 23+ 35.5 = 58.5 g NaCl
Mole, Atomic Mass, Molar Mass
Mole – Chemical Compounds
Mole, Atomic Mass, Molar Mass
Mole – Chemical Compounds

• 1mole of compound X = molar mass of X

 Equivalent Mass
• The combining power of an element,
especially as measured by the number of
hydrogen atoms it can displace or
combine with…
 Valence
• the combining power of an element,
especially as measured by the number of
hydrogen atoms it can displace or
combine with…
 Liquids and Solutions
• Specific Gravity (SG)
 Liquids and Solutions
• Specific Gravity (SG)
 Hydrometers
1. ° Twaddell
(°𝑇𝑊 = 200 (𝑆𝐺288.7 − 1.000)
288.7
2. For Liquids heavier than water
145
°𝐵𝑎𝑢𝑚è 𝐵è = 145 −
𝑆𝐺288.7
288.7
For Liquids lighter than water
140
°𝐵𝑎𝑢𝑚è 𝐵è = − 130
𝑆𝐺288.7
288.7
(caustic lye, Sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid)
 Hydrometers
3. For Petroleum products, API, USA
141.5
°𝐴𝑃𝐼 = − 131.5
𝑆𝐺288.7
288.7

4. For sugars
400
°𝐵𝑟𝑖𝑥 = − 400
𝑆𝐺288.7
288.7
288.7 K = 15.6 °C
Physical Properties of Solutions
pH
Physical Properties of Solutions
pH
Physical Properties of Solutions
pH
Vapour Pressure
Vapour Pressure