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3. Models of Learning
Problem-based Learning
Project-based learning
Inquiry learning
Scientific approach
4. Learning media
purpose
to enhance teaching and learning complements
traditional approaches to learning.
Kinds
Role
Giving motivation, presenting information, giving
instruction
5. Learning Evaluation and Assessment
the meaning; a systematic of collecting data, information, or fact about
students’ progress in all aspects during and after learning process.
Function : to improve students’ learning and teachers’ teaching as both respond to
the information it provides.
Purposes : formative and summative
The scopes of assessment : affective, knowledge, and skill
The approaches of assessment : assessment of , for and as learning.
The characteristics of assessment : valid, objective, fair, integrated, overt,
comprehensive and continuous, systematic, based on criteria, accountable.
Techniques: observation, written and spoken test, project, practice, and
product.
A. What I have learned and know;
Learning theory
B. What I don’t know yet
Learning media Models of Learning
Student’s characteristic Development Learning Evaluation and Assessment
Grammatical features
Focuses on specific participant
Uses of attributes
Declarative sentences
Simple present tense
Types of descriptive
Describing Process
Describing an Event
Describing Personality
Describing Object
Describing Place
9. DISCUSSION
The definition
A discussion is a text which presents a problematic discourse.
Purpose
To present arguments and information from differing viewpoints.
To find the meet point between two different ideas; pro and contra opinion on
certain issue.
Generic structure
Issue
Argument for/Supporting arguments
Arguments against
Recommendation/Conclusion
Language features
o Generic participant
o Relating verbs
o Thinking verbs
o Additives, contrastive, and causal connection.
o Modalities
o Adverbial of manner
o Conjunction/transition
10. HORTATORY EXPOSITION
The definition
A hortatory is a type of spoken or written text that is intended to explain the listeners or
readers that something should or should not happen or be done.
Purpose
To persuade the readers or listeners that something should/should not be the case.
Generic structure
Thesis; announcement of an issue
Arguments; reasons for concern
Recommendation; statements of what ought to/ought not to happen.
Grammatical features
Focus on human and non human participants
The use of material processes
Using present tense
Using conjunction
11. CRITICAL READING AND WRITING
The definition
Critical reading means engaging in what you read by asking yourself questions such as
what the author trying to say? or what is the main argument being presented?
Types of reading
What a text says – restatement
What a text does – description
What a text means – interpretation
The differences between critical readers and non critical readers
a) Non critical readers gain knowledge by memorizing the statement but Critical
readers gain knowledge by understanding deeply the text.
b) Non critical readers accept the facts in the text but critical readers appreciate the
facts
c) Non critical readers are satisfied with recognizing a text and restating the key
remarks.
Goals of critical reading
1. Recognizing purpose
2. Recognizing tone and persuasive tones
3. Recognizing bias
Critical writing
The definition
Critical writing is writing the text by weighing up the evidences
and arguments in developing the text.
Critical writing is writing which evaluates and analyses more than
one source in order to develop an argument.
Characteristic features of critical writing
a clear and confident refusal to accept the conclusions of other writers.
a balanced presentation of reasons why the conclusions of other writers
may be accepted or may need to be treated with caution.
a clear presentation of your own evidence and argument, leading to
your conclusion.
a recognition of the limitations in your own evidence, argument, and
conclusion.
B. The progress gained during mentoring C. The material which are not
1. The materials that I have already included in the sources
understood Some kinds of short functional
Modality, text and non text, notice and text, analytical exposition, critical
announcement, advertisement, narrative, reading and writing examples,
news item, description, discussion. report, procedure, recount, review
2. The materials that I haven’t understood text.
well
Logical connector, hortatory exposition,
and critical reading and writing E. The progress on completing the exercise
1. The exercises that I solved without any
help
Modality, text and non text, notice and
announcement, advertisement, narrative,
news item, description, discussion.
2. The exercises that I solved after getting
help from mentor
D. The non-essential materials
critical reading and writing and hortatory
All materials are important for me exposition
3. The exercises that I have not been able to
finish well.
Logical connector