Amity School of Engineering and Technology

A Presentation On Internship Training Taken At BSNL

Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh (BSNL).

Presented By: Faculty:

M.B.Murali Krishna: A2327217002 Mr. Sumeet Sehrawat
 About BSNL

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. was incorporated on

15th September 2000 . It took over the business
of providing of telecom services and network
management from the erstwhile Central
Government Departments of Telecom Services
(DTS) and Telecom Operations (DTO), with effect
from 1st October‘ 2000 on going concern basis.
It is one of the largest & leading public sector
units providing comprehensive range of telecom
services in India.
 TABLE OF CONTENT
 TELECOMMUNICATION
WHAT IS TELECOMMUNICATION
WHY TELECOMMUNICATION
TYPES OF TELECOMMUNICATION
SWITCHING.
LOCAL EXCHANGE.
MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION.
BROADBAND MARKET SHARE
FIBER OPTICS
 TELECOMMUNICATION
•What is Telecommunication!
Telecommunication is the exchange of
information, messages , pictures etc
from one point to another distant point
as per desire of the user and under the
control of some system.
 WHY TELECOMMUNICATIONS?
Telecommunication is important as it is key to
• Rapid economic development
• Social development
• Development of Information Technology
• Development of industry
TYPES OF TELECOMMUNICATION
LOCAL EXCHANGE
 Telephone wires consists of 2 pairs of copper wires

 Distribution box (DB) is installed where a new telephone connection

is needed

 When receiver is placed on the telephone system- ON HOOK

 When the receiver is picked up from the telephone system- OFF HOOK

ON HOOK - Battery is not supplied

OFF HOOK - Battery is supplied

 DIALTONE- Indication by exchange that it’s ready for the call

to be made

It’s done in EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)

 After making the call, exchange provides ‘ringback tone’ to the caller and ‘ringing
current’ to the receiver.
CM- Central Module (“heart” of exchange)

BM- Base Module

IOM- Input/Output Module (I/O Processor in

exchange)

AM- Administrative Module

SWITCHING
 SWITCHING
Switching is basically transfer of
information from one point to another
point with some intelligence or control
or
Switching is basically establishing a temporary
path or connection between two points or
writing at one point of time and reading at
another point of time.
 TYPES OF SWITCHING

TWO MODES OF SWITCHING:

• CIRCUIT SWITCHING
• PACKET SWITCHING
 CIRCUIT SWITCHING

A CIRCUIT BETWEEN THE CALLING PARTY AND

CALLED PARTY IS SET UP AND THIS CIRCUIT IS
KEPT RESERVED TILL THE CALL IS COMPLETED
 PACKET SWITCHING

The information(speech, data etc.) is

divided into packets. Each packet containing
piece of information also bears source and
destination address.
MOBILE TECHNOLOGY
 Antenna’s have umbrella-like structure to protect the
Equipment, from the effects of the atmosphere.

 Mobile is an online system always connected to the system of BTS

(Base Transceiver Station).

 As the number of customers increases coverage area decreases.

 Mobile checks 16 BTS available at a time. Whichever has high signal

strength, mobile takes signal from that BTS.

 A Signal Tower has three sectors in its antenna –

 North A(1)
 East B(2)
 SouthWest C(3)
 These are universal direction of sectors.
Base Transceiver Base Switching
Station (BTS) Centre (BSC)

Operational
Main Switching
Centre (MSC)
Maintenance Centre
(OMC)
 BTS BTS

BTS BTS

BSC BSC BSC

MSC

OMC
 Into the architecture
• BTS – Houses the radio transceivers of the cell
and handles the radio-link protocols with the
mobile

• BSC – Manages radio resources (channel

setup, handover) for one or more BTSs
 Into the architecture
• MSC – Mobile Switching Center

• The central component of the network

• Like a telephony switch plus everything for a

mobile subscriber: registration, authentication,
handovers, call routing, connection to fixed
networks.

• Each switch handles dozens of cells

 INTO THE ARCHITECTURE
• HLR- Home Location Register
• It contains entry for each subscriber
• Mostly contains static and permanent information about
the subscriber.
• Stores information like Subscriber status, service subscribed
etc.
• Temporary information such as current VLR number and
MSC number.
• Central location to route calls within the respective mobile
operator’s network
 Into the architecture
• VLR – Visitor Location Register

• A database that contains part of the data

available in the HLR and other dynamic
information about the mobile stations

• EIR – database of valid equipment

• AuC – Database of users’ secret keys

 Sharing
• GSM uses TDMA and FDMA to let everybody
talk.

• FDMA: 25MHz freq. is divided into 124 carrier

frequencies. Each base station gets few of
those.

• TDMA: Each carrier frequency is divided into

bursts [0.577 ms]. 8 bursts are a frame.
BROADBAND TECHNOLOGY
 INTRODUCTION
 The term BROADBAND refers to high speed internet
access. It is non specific term. In fact there is no
specific international definition for broadband.
 As the Internet market continues to grow, demand for
greater BW and faster connection speed have led to
broadband access to all consumer.
 The rapid growth of distributed business application ,
e-commerce and BW intensive application (such as
multimedia , video conferencing and video on-demand
) generate the demand for BW and access network.
 NEED FOR BROADBAND
 PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES:-
Telecommuting
Video conferencing
Home based business
Home office
 ENTERTAINMENT ACTIVITIES:-
Web surfing
Video on-demand
Video games
 CONSUMER ACTIVITIES:-
Telemedicine
Distance learning
Information gathering
Photography
Video conferencing among friends and family
BROADBAND TECHNOLOGY TYPES

• It can be divided in to following categories:

• Wire line technology

• Wireless technology
 WIRELINE TECHNOLOGY
• Digital subscriber line(DSL) on copper loop
• Optical fiber technology
• Cable TV networking
• PLC(power line communication)

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

• Satellite Media
• Terrestrial Wireless
• 3G Mobile
• Wi-Fi(Wireless Fidelity)
• WiMax
• LMDS and MMDS
• FSO (free space optics)
OPTICAL FIBER
 OPTICAL FIBER
• The main object of optical fiber is to guide
light waves with minimum of attenuation(loss
of signal).
• It is composed of fine threads of glass in layer
called core and cladding.
• The light forms an electromagnetic carrier
wave that is modulated to carry information.
 PRINCIPLE OF OPTICAL FIBER
• It’s works on total internal reflection with in a
fiber core.

• The core has higher refractive index then then

cladding.

• The beam that strikes the surface at more

then the critical angel to be reflected.
THANK YOU