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Fluid Flow In Porous Media
toward the Well
Natural Flow Choke
Production System PWH
Flowline
Vertical Flow
Performances
Tubing
Sand Face
Inflow Performance
Casing
Formation
Packer
re ( Drainage radius )
The well is said a Commingle Well when Production
is designed openly from many layers into a well bore.
Production Well in a
Production
well
Water Drive
Reservoir
Production
Well
Not Preferred
Oil Zone
Production Well
Aquifer
Production
Well
Aquifer
Production Wells are located
Compartment of Oil in surrounding Faulty
Reservoir Reservoir.
1. Pipeline design
2. Multiphase flow
3. Pressure
4. Gas condensate
5. Fluid characteristics
6. Transportation
7. Deep sea operation (very low
temperature)
8. Bottle necking
Bottle Neck Problems of
Surface pipeline Network
GS
Gas
Oil-water-Gas Oil-Gas
Water
Gas Zone
GOC
Oil Zone
Oil – Water
Transition
h Zone
Producing WOC
Original WOC
Choke
Liquid
Separator
Tubing
Casing
Reservoir
OUTFLOW
re
Inflow
Perforasi
Produksi Fluida
• Dalam setiap selang aliran, fluida berinteraksi
dengan komponen produksi dari reservoir kesumur
(melalui perforasi, gravel pack, open hole, hydraulic
fracturing), tubing, pompa, choke, valve, flowline,
sehingga :
– Tekanan, temperature and kecepatan aliran
berubah-ubah sepanjang jalur produksi.
– Sifat sifat fluida dapat berubah dengan
berubahnya tekanan dan temperatur, demikian
juga jenis dan jumlah fasanya.
Pressure Profile along the Production
System
Drainage Wellbore Wellhead Separator
Boundary (perforation) (Choke)
Pe
Pwf
P Pwh
IPR
Psep
re rw whead Sep
Reservoir Tubing Flowline Transport
Tenaga Pendorong
• Tenaga pendorong yang menggerakan fluida
dalam reservoir dan sistem produksi adalah
energi yang tersimpan dalam bentuk fluida
terkompresi dalam reservoir.
– Selama fluida bergerak sepanjang komponen
sistem, terjadi penurunan tekanan. Tekanan pada
arah aliran secara kontinu mengalami penurunan
dari tekanan reservoir sampai harga tekanan final
downstream pada separator.
Oil Reservoir with
a gas cap and a
bottom water
Gas
OIL
Water
Flowline
Gas Cap
Gas
Oil
Water Bottom
Water
Reversed
water coning Well
Gas Cap
Gas
Oil
Water Bottom
Water
Semi Spherical
Flow Pattern Well
Gas Cap
Gas
Oil
Water Bottom
Water
Well
Bottom
Flowing
Flow Direction
Pressure
Separator
Well
Radial Flow
No Water
Coning
Oil
Water Water
Edge Water
Differences in
well penetration
will result in
pressure drop
differences
around the well.
Also this may
cause PI
Partial penetration wells differences
among wells at
the same
reservoir.
Well-2 Well-3
Well-1
Oil
P1 P2
0.001127 k A (p 1 - p 2 ) q 0.001127 k A
q PI
L (p 1 - p 2 ) L
P1
P2 Liquid
qL
Construct IPR of a vertical well in an oil reservoir. Consider (1) transient flow at 1
month, (2) steady-state flow, and (3) pseudo–steady-state flow. The following data
are given:
Porosity, Φ = 0.2X
Effective horizontal permeability, k = 10 md
Pay zone thickness, h = 50 ft
Reservoir pressure, pe or p = 5,000 psia
Bubble point pressure, pb = 100 psia
Fluid formation volume factor, Bo = 1.2
Fluid viscosity, μ = 1.5 cp
Total compressibility, ct = 0:0000125 psi-1
Drainage area, A = 640 acres (re = 2,980 ft)
Wellbore radius, rw = 0.328 ft
Skin factor, S = 5
Construct IPR of two wells in an unsaturated oil reservoir using generalized
Vogel’s equation. The following data are given:
Reservoir pressure, pe or p = 5,500 psia
Bubble point pressure, pb = 3,500 psia
Tested flowing bottom-hole pressure in Well A, pwf1 = 4,000 psia
Tested production rate from Well A, q1 = 400 st/day
Tested flowing bottom-hole pressure in Well B, pwf1 = 2,0XX psia
Tested production rate from Well B, q1 = 1,000 stb/day