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Working:
The spray comb which is at which is at high positive potential,
sprays positive charges onto the outer side of the belt and these
positive charges are carried upward.
The positive charges carried upward by the belt are collected by
collector comb.
Since the collector comb is connected to the hollow conductor,
the charge gets transferred to the hollow metal sphere.
As more and more charge is transferred to the sphere its potential
goes on increasing.
Since the belt continuously carries positive charge to the receiver
comb the spherical shell collects enormous amount of charges
and develops huge potential.
It becomes difficult for the surface to hold more and more
charges due to the force of repulsion between the like charges on
the dome.
When the potential of the spherical shell exceeds breakdown
value of air, air around the sphere gets ionized and leakage of
charge takes place from the sphere.
As a result of repulsion there is discharge of the charge in the
form of spark.
In order to prevent the leakage of charge the whole apparatus is
enclosed in a insulating gas filled steel chamber.
Uses of Van de graaff generator: