WELCOME

Hon. Chairman / Co-Chairman

Hon. Panelist/ Expert
& all the Dignitaries

PRESENTED BY:
SANDEEP MALIK,DEPUTY DIRECTOR,CEA
DEEPAK CHOUDHARY,ASSISTANT DIRECTOR,CEA
DHEERAJ KUMAR FAGERIA,ASSISTANT DIRECTOR,CWC

S
 GANDHI AND RURAL
DEVELOPMENT

Gandhi’s idea to develop the Indian society was based on his

understanding of the society and hence based on the village
system. Talking about the importance of village, he wrote in
1936, “I would say if the village perishes, India will perish too.
It will be no more India. His one mission in the world will get
lost.”

M.K. GANDHI
 ROLE OF WATER AND ENERGY IN
ACHIEVING THE DEVELOPMENT GOAL
FOR RURAL TRANSFORMATION

S
Rural Transformation in the wake of
Globalisation

S With globalisation, the world continues to become more urban. An outfall of globalisation
has been the further widening of gap between rural and urban India.

S So, any rural transformation shall aim such that the the sharp economic, social, and cultural
differences between rural and urban gradually blur and bleed into each other along a
continuous gradient.

S The Process of comprehensive societal change has been driven by global and
homogenizing forces that interact with localized structures, institutions, and actors to
produce uneven patterns and outcomes of development.

S The focus when talking about rural transformation has tended to be on migration of rural
people to cities moving away from agriculture, when there are actually many other factors
at play (i.e. electricity,clean drinking water,health and sanitation) which contribute to
changing rural and urban realities.
Enablers of Rural Transformation-
Water and Energy
S As water is fundamental to productive agriculture and other
livelihood needs, how water is used and managed will have a
significant impact on alleviating hunger and poverty. Water
security underlies all dimensions of human health and well-
being, and is fundamental to both food and energy production.

S Availability of water (especially when combined with adequate

soil husbandry) ensures better production both for direct
consumption and for commercial disposal, thus enhancing the
generation of necessary economic surpluses for upliftment of
rural economies.
 Energy

S For rural development,role played by energy has two

distinct dimensions: residential and productive.

S Residential uses of energy are expected to positively impact

the rural quality of life or improve rural living
standards.(shown by MacQueen's algorithm later on in this
presentation)

S The productive use of energy in rural areas is expected to

result in increased rural productivity, greater economic
growth, and a rise in rural employment, which would not
only raise incomes but also reduce the migration of the rural
poor to urban areas.
 Quality of Life v/s Energy

S MacQueen's algorithm regarding QoL(Quality of Life)

shows a robust relationship between QoL and Energy:
Role Played by Water and Energy in
Resource Nexus Model

S The resource nexus is a conceptual model that illustrates the

interconnections between and among different resources For example,
water and electricity (for pumping water) are necessary resources for
producing food in particular in economies where irrigation-based agriculture
prevails.
 Govt. of India Initiatives
DEENDAYAL UPADHYAYA GRAM JYOTI YOJANA.
( Scheme of Govt. of India for Rural Electrification)

BACKGROUND ( Challenges facing rural electrification)

S The rural agricultural and non-Agriculture consumers (domestic and

non-domestic load) of the country are generally serviced through the
local distribution network. Many rural areas of the country face
insufficient electricity supply, consequently the distribution utilities are
forced to resort to load shedding, thus affecting the power supply to
both Agriculture and non-Agriculture consumers.

S The demand of power in rural areas is increasing day by day due to

changing consumer base, improving living standards for which
augmentation of rural infrastructure needs to be regularly undertaken
S The investment in the distribution network is low due to bad
financial health of the distribution companies. Therefore, in
order to augment the reliability and quality of supply
distribution network needs to be strengthened.

S To improve the commercial viability of power distribution,

there is need for metering of all categories of the consumers
 Ministry of Power, Government of India has launched Deen Dayal
Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana for rural areas having following
objectives:
S To provide electrification to all villages

S Feeder separation to ensure sufficient power to farmers and regular

supply to other consumers

S Improvement of Sub-transmission and distribution network to improve

the quality and reliability of the supply

S Metering to reduce the losses

Benefits

S All villages and households shall be electrified

S Increase in agriculture yield

S Business of Small and household enterprises shall grow resulting

in new avenues for employment

S Improvement in Health, Education, Banking (ATM) services

S Improvement in accessibility to radio, telephone, television,

internet and mobile etc.

S Betterment in social security due to availability of electricity

S Accessibility of electricity to schools, panchayats, hospitals and

police stations etc.
S Financial provisions:

S Scheme has an outlay of Rs 76000 Cr for implementation

of the projects under which Government of India shall
provide Grant of Rs 63000 Cr

S A total of Rs 14680 Cr worth projects have already been

approved out of which projects amounting to Rs 5827 Crs
have been approved for Bihar state.
Indira Gandhi Canal- A Fairy
Tale of Thar Desert
INTRODUCTION:
S Indira Gandhi Nahar Project (IGNP) is a gigantic project, conceived to
supply irrigation water to vast area spread over 2 million hectares in the
desolate arid desert area of north and west Rajasthan.

S The project construction was formally inaugurated in March 58, with an

objective of early utilization of Rajasthan’s share in surplus Satluj, Beas
water, initially, it was considered to push the project at faster rate in view
of the ongoing negotiations for Indus water treaty.

S First project report on IGNP was prepared by the then Central Water
Irrigation and Navigation Commission in 1953. A more detailed project
report was prepared by the Government of Rajasthan 1957.
S IGNP project was approved by the planning commission in July 1957
for 1.358 MhaCCA.

S On account of convenience of construction, the project was decided to be

implemented in two stages. Stage-I comprised 189 km main canal after
the feeder extending from Harike barrage in punjab , which is a few
kilometers below the confluence of satluj and beas rivers. Stage-II starts
from the tail of stage I and comprises of 256 km long canal.

MhaCCA = Million hectare Culturable Command Area

S Project Achievements
Stage-I Stage-I
S.No Item Unit
target achievement
1 CULTURABLE COMMAND AREA CCA

Flow Th. Ha 491 484

command

Lift command Th. Ha 62 62

Total Th. Ha 553 546

2 IRRIGATION INTENSITY

Flow Per cent 110 172

command
3 IRRIGATION POTENTIAL/UTILIZED

Potential Th. Ha 546 940

created
4 CANAL CONSTRUCTION

Feeder Km 204 204

Main canal Km 189 189

Disty& minors Km 3454 3252

(completed)
5 CAD WORKS

Construction ThHa 546 529

of Lined
Water
Courses
THE RURAL AREA (DESERT) BEFORE ADVENT OF IGNP:

S The climate of the area is dry with less than 10 inches rainfall and where
nothing survived before the project.

S In summer, the temperature generally touches 48°C and Winter it reaches

freezing point.

S The climate of IGNP-Stage I area witnesses great variability in

temperature, wind, aridity, sunshine, rainfall and humidity etc which
exerts great influence on the ecology of the area.
S Before introduction of irrigated agriculture, the IGNP Stage-I area was
semi desert, with summer rain-fed crops of millet, cluster bean, sesame
and chickpea, possible only in some areas and locations-especially in
depression areas where moisture could be conserved. Crop yields were
low and very unreliable. This provided little food security for indigenous
population. There was no defined cropping pattern in the area.

S Droughts and bones of livestock strewn on sand dunes was a common

sight.
DESERT AFTER ADVENT OF IGNP
S AGRICULTURE

S The advent of irrigation water has had great impact on areas capable of
being irrigated , the value of crop that can be grown, and the achievable
and reliable yields. Earlier , the locals used to migrate to other states in
search of work &return home after months of toil. Today, the villagers
employ labour from other states in their fields.

S During project performance period, spanning more than five decades,

farmers have acquired good experience and knowledge on irrigated
farming.
S The crops can be grown every year with the help of canal water. A fixed
cropping pattern in the form of regular Kharif and Rabi crops has
emerged in the region. Winter rabi crop of wheat, mustard, gram and
summer Kharif crops of cotton, ground nut and guar are now grown in
the region. Kharif season is from April to October and Rabi season
October to March.

S Improvement in household income and expenditure structure.

S Water for Non-Agriculture Uses
S WATER FOR DOMESTIC, INDUSTRIAL & POWER
GENERATION USES
S Indents for water requirements for drinking and industrial
purposes went on increasing and Public Health Engineering
Department (PHED) asked for more and more reservation for
drinking and industrial purposes on the basis of expected rise in
population and increase in industrial activities in the command in
next few decades.
S Sanctions for water other than irrigation were issued, from time to
time as per demand of PHED ,Army, Industries and Energy
Departments.
S Coverage under Drinking Water Scheme

S Drinking water is being supplied not only for the project area but also for
cities and villages located in the south of the main canal and outside the
project area for distances exceeding 200 km because there is no alternate
source for supply of water to these areas.

S Ultimately about 20 million human population located in 24 cities/towns

and 5,300 villages/settlements would draw drinking water supplies from
this canal by the year 2045.
S Apart from local schemes for the towns/villages in or on the periphery
of the project area, regional water supply schemes have also been
planned by the State Public Health Engineering Department. The details
of three major water supply schemes already commissioned so far are :

S (i) KanwarSain Lift Scheme

S (ii) Gandheli-Sahwa Scheme

S (iii) Jodhpur Canal and Regional Water Supply Scheme, Bap Stage I
S Water for Power Generation

S Reservation of 450 cusec of water made in 1993 for Energy & Mines
department is to be utilised mainly on power project already
commissioned /planned in the western part of the state.

S IGNP water is a boon for the power projects in Western Rajasthan.

S Suratgarh Super Thermal Power Plant is the only one power plant
getting 100 cusecs of water from main canal in stage I.
S ENVIRONMENT, ECOLOGY AND FOREST

S The canal is believed to have halted the advance of the Thar desert and
brought prosperity in the region.

S With the arrival of perennial water resources and introduction of canal

irrigation in IGNP Stage-I, from 1961, changes in micro-climate features
of the area, viz. rainfall, humidity, temperature and wind velocity are
being experienced by the people in this area.

S Shelter- belts and wind- breaks plantation along the main canal,
distributaries, minors and field boundaries has decreased the incidence of
sandstorms.
S Afforestation activity :Canal side plantation was taken up in continuous
strips along both sides of canals. In addition to canal side plantation
almost in every Abadi ,12ha of command land was earmarked for fuel
wood plantation. Tree plantation has also been carried out along most of
the road sides.

S The ground water reservoir is in hydraulic balance, wherein recharge

balances withdrawal and water table remains move or less stable.With the
introduction of intensive canal irrigation, the recharge of ground water
reservoir in project area increases many fold, resulting in continuous rise
of the water table, if corresponding withdrawls are not made. This
phenomenon is exhibited by the behavior of water table after introduction
of canal irrigation.Rise in ground water table has been observed at the rate
of 0.8 m per year.
S The quality of ground water in IGNP-Stage I command was highly saline
before the advent of this Project.

S A fresh water cushion has developed over the saline native ground water
mainly due to continuous recharge from different sources.

S Change in attitude and lifestyle of native people resulting into greater

urge for education and rise in mobility and communication.