DEVELOPMENT OF

HUMAN RIGHT
(STAGE 4-5)

• Clarissa Loi Qiao Wee700017563

• Eric Chan Chee Cheng 700018302

• Ho Mann Zin 700019404

• Johann Chua En Yaw 700019045

• Teng Suk Ling 700017745

• Brendan Teo Shung Koon 700019340

• Calvin Yee Kai Hwa 700017893

• Then Yuh Yong 700019028

• Aaron Lim Choon Jin 700018883

• Sim Shan Shan 700017744

4th Stage: Universalization of Human Rights
After World War II,

The idea of universalization of human

rights was promoted

The Universal Declaration of Human

Rights was adopted in 1948

Proclaimed as “A common standard of

achievement for all people and all
nations”
 Universal Declaration of Human Rights
– 2nd remarkable dimension: Founded based on the basis of human dignity
– All previous declarations were presented as “the expression of the will of God”
– Declaration of Independence stated that “all men are created equal”
– UD was an atheistic which means no reference to the God was made
– The Dutch protested against secularist foundation of the UD
– Father Beaufort, the representative of UN had not found any political support
for his wish
 Criticism of Universalization of
Human Right
1. Conflict with Islamic Law
• Universal Declaration of Human
Rights abused certain provision of
Sharia Law
• Universal Declaration of Human
Rights is more toward Western
culture
2. Bangkok Declaration
• World Conference on Human Rights
(1993)
• Emphasized the principles
of sovereignty and non-interference
(right to economic development over
civil and political rights)
• Landmark expression of the Asian
Value perspectives
1. " The individual realizes his personality through his culture,
hence respect for individual differences entails a respect for
cultural differences“

2."Respect for differences between cultures is validated by

the scientific fact that no technique of qualitatively
evaluating cultures has been discovered“

3."Standards and values are relative to the culture from

which they derive so that any attempt to formulate
postulates that grow out of the beliefs or moral codes of one
culture must to that extent detract from the applicability of
any Declaration of Human Rights to mankind as a whole.”
 Did Malaysia sign the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(UDHR)?
What’s stopping Malaysia?
Tan Sri Simon Sipaun, former Human Rights Commission
of Malaysia (Suhakam) vice-chairperson recommended for
the government to ratify the treaties on economic, social
and cultural rights, and on civil and political rights but
there has been no positive response so far.

Datuk Dr Denison Jayasooria from

Human Rights Commission of Malaysia (Suhakam)
The modern concept of
human rights :
The End of History ?

STAGE 5
 END OF HISTORY
(PROPOSE BY FRANCIS FUKUYAMA)

• Capitalism is the key to human liberty and human prosperity, and

everyone agrees that democracy and the rule of law are the best
ways to organise political decision making.
• Central problem for the modern concept of human rights is the
tension of human rights with democracy.
• Democracy (“rule by the people” its translate from Greek meaning),
it seen as one of the ultimate ideals that modern civilizations strive
to create, or preserve.
• Democracy unable to protect the all the rights. Confliction occur
when most of the people or citizen as the right-handle, it ignore the
opinion of the less part.
 SOLUTIONS

• Semantic solution – Not just majority rule, also respect for the rights of
minorities. Tension remain as legislature without any democratic
qualifications.
• Constitutionalist solution - Human rights are proclaimed in
constitutions and treaties.
• Traditionalist solution - "Democracy is also commitment to long term
perspectives of a cultural community and human rights are the product
of a long term democracy”. Generation had no right to violate the
decision of forefather. It diminish individualism, and support group.
CURRENT ISSUE

HUMAN RIGHT IN NORTH KOREA

• Have one of the largest standing militaries in the world

• The government focuses spending on the military and the Elite

• People in North Korea suffer while KJU lives in luxury in the capital
(PyeongYang)

• North Korean are lack of basic human right

 Contravene with 30 of 30 Of UD Human Right

Estimated 200,000 (200k) prisoners are incarcerated in camps that are dedicated
to political crimes, and subjected to forced labor, physical abuse,
execution and human experimentation.

Labor rights
Children (some as young as 11) are forced to work on farms and construction sites at
the behest of the government, and may be demanded to gather scrap metals and
other materials by schools to be sold. The labor can be intensive and children living
in the country's Kwalliso (detention camps) are also forced to engage in heavy work.

Freedom of expression
Criticism of the government and its leaders is strictly curtailed and making such
statements can be cause for arrest and consignment to one of North Korea's "re-
education" camps. The government distributes all radio and television sets.
Watching South Korean movies or reading the Bible are all condemned to execution.
Freedom of religion:
People being sent to prison camps and subjected to torture and inhuman
treatment because of their faith. It is estimated that 50,000–70,000 Christians
are held in North Korean prison camps.

Freedom of movement
North Korean citizens usually cannot freely travel around the country, let alone
travel abroad. Emigration and immigration are strictly controlled.

Right to food
North Korean food shortage were a man-made (regime). When the food supply
are controlled by the regime. Approximately 500,000 (500k) to 600,000 (600k)
out of 22 million civilians died from famine.

Women Right
Forced prostitution
Girls as young as 14 years old to work in the so-called kippŭmjo, which includes
prostitution teams.
Forced abortion
The People’s Republic of China returns all illegal immigrants from North Korea,
which usually imprisons them in a short term facility. Women who are
suspected of being impregnated by Chinese men are subjected to forced
abortions; babies born alive are killed.
HOW CAN THEY LEAVE NORTH KOREA?
CONCLUSION
Q&A
1) The UN treaties signed by
Malaysia:
A. 5, 7
B. 1, 3
C. 4, 6
D. 8, 9
2) What is Constitutional Law:
A. Provisions given in the Constitution
B. Law to make Constitution
C. Law to set up Constituent Assembly
D. None of the above

3) Which association critique the Universal Declaration of

Human Rights:
A. Fashion Industry Association
B. American Anthropological Association
C. American Marketing Association
D. Association of American Publisher
4) The Universal Declaration was proclaimed as “…”?
A. A common set of action for all people.
B. A common standard of achievement for all the countries.
C. A common standard of achievement for all the people and
all the nations.
D. A common set of thoughts for all the people.
5)
• South Korea accept North Korean as refugees, China did not.
• South Korea is also nearer to North Korea Compare to China.

Why do the North Korea Refugees decide to escape

through the China boarder?