Alexandria University

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Naval Architecture
And Marine Engineering

Search for:

Under supervision of;

PROF.Dr.AHMED SHAHER SABIT
PROF.DR.ADEL BANAWAN
Presented from:
Mohammed Taha Ahmed Mohammed
Fourth year No, 38
 Seminar contents
- Preface.
- Chapter one : Sprinkler system.
- Chapter two : Multi-spray system for the
machinery spaces.
- Chapter three: Application for sprinkler system.
- Chapter four : Rules for (Automatic Sprinkler
system) from (A.B.S).
- Conclusion.
Preface:
- A number of fatal accommodation fires have
been started by people falling asleep whilst
smoking.
- The sprinkler system provides protection
against this type of incident.
- The combination of structural fire protection
and an installed sprinkler system which
incorporates detection, alarm and fire-fighting
capability, has proved very successful in
combating the outbreak of fire in passenger ship
accommodation.
- But the main advantage of sprinkler system is
that we use the water for fire fighting, that is
because the water is a good medium which
protect the object and give a cooling to it and as
a result of cooling the object we prevent it from
reaching its ignition point. By this way we can
release the fire

- In the time that water has these advantages it

also has its disadvantages:
 Fire Extinguishing Agents
Agent Advantages Disadvantages

- Always Available - Not to be used

on Electrical Fires
- Excellent cooling - Can reduce
properties stability
Water - water Provides - Can spread Class
protection, cooling B fires
for fire party Damages/destroys
- Best choice for equipment
Class A
 - Really it is very useful to find rules and
regulations control this system and make sure
of right Installation to give best performance
for sprinkler system.

- The (A.B.S) rules and other maritime

societies do this role and improve it.
 Types of water spraying systems:-
1- Automatically operated systems:
- Automatically pressure water spraying system
(Sprinkler system)
2- Manually operated systems:
A) - Pressure water spraying system for machinery spaces.
B) - Pressure water spraying system for exhaust gas fired
thermal oil heaters.
C) - Pressure water spraying system for special category
spaces and Ro/Ro cargo spaces.
D) - Pressure water spraying system for the cargo areas of
tankers.
Note: (B, C, D) are similar to (A).
CHAPTER ONE
Sprinkler system
 Description of the system:
- The automatic spray or sprinkler system
provides a network of sprinkler heads (which both
detect and extinguish fires) throughout the
protected spaces.
- This system may be used in accommodation
areas, and in machinery spaces with certain
variations in the equipment used and the method
of operation.
 How is the system work?
- The sprinkler head is closed by a quartzoid bulb -
which contains a liquid that expands considerably
on heating .
- When excessively heated the liquid expands, -
shatters the bulb and water will issue from the
sprinkler head. A deflector plate on the sprinkler
head causes the water to spray out over a large
area.
Section in sprinkler head
Sprinkler head specifications
Sprinkler head rings
 How is the system work?
Cont.
- The water is supplied initially from a
tank pressurized to 8 bars by compressed
air Once the tank pressure falls below 5.5
bars , as a sprinkler issues water, a salt
water pump cuts in automatically to
maintain the water supply as long as is
necessary.
Sprinkler system components
 How is the system work?
Cont.
- When. The water lifts the non-return valve
exposing an annular groove which connects to
a diaphragm alarm switch
- This switch is coupled to an alarm and to an -
indicator panel on the bridge which gives
audible and visual warning that a sprinkler has
operated and fire has probably broken out in
the section indicated.
- Fires have frequently been found to have -
been extinguished by the system alone.
Flow alarm switch
Flow alarm switch
 How is the system work?
Cont.
- When any occurrence has been dealt
with the stop valve, which is usually
locked open, may be closed to replace the
sprinkler head which has operated and to
enable the section to be drained of salt
water before being filled with fresh from
the system
The installation of the system
- The complete installation is divided
into several sections, each containing
about 150 to 200 sprinklers and
having an alarm valve
- When one or more sprinklers
operate water flows through the
section valve and sounds an alarm
and also provides a visual display
identifying the section containing the
fire.
Alarm valve
Alarm valve
 lists or plans
A list or plan is to be displayed at
each indicating unit, showing the
spaces covered and the location of the
zone in respect of each section.
Suitable instructions for testing and
maintenance are to be available
lists or plans
 Kind of water used in the system
The system is initially charged with fresh water
to reduce corrosion effects, and It is often found,
in new ships, that the bilges and sprinkler
systems have not been thoroughly cleaned with
the result that wood, nuts, bolts, rags and other
debris are found inside valves and pipes after
initial Fire fighting process. These choke the
valve-chests and prevent the valves from being
properly closed. They also block strainers.
 Cleaning the system
- It is Important to clean the system with fresh
water after initial Fire fighting process to avoid
salt water problems
- It is vital to clean before the sprinkler system is
tested to ensure that all suction pipes, joints,
valves and glands are free from air leaks.
- Pipes too must be cleaned and checked as being -
clear before and after assembly.
- Damage to any electrical equipment by the salt -
water is dealt with by washing with hot fresh
water before drying out
Testing of the system
The system should be regularly
checked by creating fault conditions
at the various section control valves
by opening a test valve, and checking
for audible and visual alarms.
 Maintenance of the system
- Any maintenance on a section is carried out
with the stop valve closed. The test valve can
be opened to create flow and cause the non-
return section alarm valve to open, to test the
alarm.
- Regular maintenance of the system consists
of greasing the various valves and checking
their freedom of movement, logging the
pressure gauge reading, before and after each
alarm valve (thus checking the tightness of the
non-return valves) and checking the alarm
system
 Maintenance of the system
- The pressure tank level is checked and
recharged, if necessary, with fresh water and
air.
- The centrifugal salt-water pump should also
be tested by closing the isolating valves and
draining the pressure switch circuit, when the
pump should start automatically.
- Delivery pressure should be logged. In the
event of a fire, when a normal situation is
recovered the section and system are drained
and flushed out; then recharged with fresh
water and air.
Kinds of Sprinkler Heads

1- Depending on the existence of heat sensitizer

2- Depending on the installation direction

3- Depending on the form of fuse

Kinds of Sprinkler Heads:-
1- Depending on the existence
of heat sensitizer:
- Open type. (With detection device)
- Closed type. (Without detection device)
Kinds of Sprinkler Heads:-
2- Depending on the installation
direction:
- Upright type
- Sidewall type
- Pendent type
Kinds of Sprinkler Heads:-
3- Depending on the form of
fuse:
- Fusible link type.
- Metal piece type.
- Glass bulb type.
- Chemical piece type.
 We will show the most
common sprinkler heads
used in the marine field

Glass bulb types

Bulb color due to its temperature:-

- Red bulb: 68°C. -

(For accommodation spaces)-
- Yellow bulb: 80°C.
- Green bulb: 93°C.
- Blue bulb: 141°C -
(For engine room, galley…etc) -
Note: we often add 30°C to the space -
temperature
Types of Sprinkler systems:-
A) Wet-pipe Type
B) Dry-pipe Type
C) Pre-action Type
D) Alternate-type
E) Deluge and recycling type
A) Wet-pipe Type
- A wet-type sprinkler system is one in which
the piping between the outlet side of the main
sprinkler valve and the sprinkler heads is
charged with fresh water.
- Once the system is activated, the fresh water is
immediately discharged and replaced by salt
water.
- Although wet-type sprinkler systems do
contain quite a few more components than dry-
type systems, they function on similar
principles.
A) Wet-pipe type Cont.
- The main advantage of wet systems is a
very rapid response time. Sprinkling starts
approximately 1 second after activation. And
these are the most common systems and are
used in ships where there is no risk of
freezing.
-They are quick to react because water is -
always in the pipes above the sprinkler
heads.
-Wet systems are required for multi-storey -
or high-rise ceiling and for life safety
Wet pipe system
B) Dry-pipe Type
- The pipes are filled with air under
pressure at all times and the water is held
back by the control valve. When a
sprinkler head opens, the drop in air
pressure opens the valve and water flows
into the pipe work and onto the fire.
- Dry pipe systems are used where wet or
alternate systems cannot be used.
Dry-pipe valves
C) Pre-action Type
- Like dry pipe systems the pipes are filled
with air but water is only let into the pipes
when the detector operates (e.g. smoke
detectors).
- Pre-action systems are used where it is
not acceptable to have the pipes full of
water unless there is a fire.
Pre-action valves
D) Alternate-type
- As the name suggest Alternate -
systems can have the pipes full of
water for the summer and be
drained down and filled with air
(under pressure) for the winter.
- This is important for buildings -
that are not heated
E) Deluge and recycling type
These are not strictly sprinkler
systems and are only used in special
cases for industrial risks
Note: where an automatic sprinkler system
is not fitted in accommodation spaces, it is
necessary to install an automatic fire alarm
system similar to that used for unmanned
machinery spaces. (The system would
consist of an electric circuit for srnoke
detectors and possibly bimetallic
temperature sensors. Warning is given by
an audible alarm with visual indication
showing the section in which the fire has
occurred).
 CHAPTER TWO
Multi-spray system for the machinery spaces
 Multi-spray system for the
machinery spaces
- This system is similar to the sprinkler used in
accommodation areas but the spray heads are
not operated automatically.
- The section control valves are opened by -
hand to supply water to the heads in one or
more areas.
- Ready to use hoses can also be supplied. -
- Fresh water is used for the initial charging -
and the system is brought to working pressure
by means of the compressed air connection.
 Multi-spray system for the
machinery spaces Cont.
- The air bottle provides a cushion and prevents cut-in of -
the pump due to any slight leakage of the water.
- The pump is automatically operated by pressure drop -
in the system when the control valve to one section is
opened
- The pump must have either an independent drive or an
electric motor with a supply via the emergency generator
switchboard. It must be able to maintain working
pressure when supplying all the sections simultaneously
in one compartment. It is installed outside the
compartment it serves
 Multi-spray system for the
machinery spaces Cont.
Spray nozzles are designed to give the -
correct droplet size for fires in flammable
liquids such as fuels and lubricating oils,
when working at the correct pressure. They
are located so as to give adequate water
distribution over the tank top and all fire
risk areas.
Water spray is a potentially good
fire-fighting medium because:
(a) It produces a large quantity of steam
which has a smothering action;
(b) In producing the steam, a large amount
of heat is required (latent heat) and this
gives a cooling effect;
(c) The spray will protect personnel in the
compartment
 Note: The accommodation
and machinery space
systems may be combined by
a valve which is normally
kept locked shut
Water mist (fog)
- Water mist (fog) Sprinklers are being used as an -
alternative to, the now banned, Halon fire suppression
systems.
- The mist system delivers very small water particles, -
which are able to remain suspended in the air.
- The water particles are evaporated by the heat of the -
fire and the expanding vapor displaces oxygen.
- The combined cooling and oxygen starvation effects -
quickly extinguish a fire.
- Less water is used than with sprinkler systems and the -
mist has proved effective against liquid fuel fires,
making it suitable for use in machinery spaces.
 Water mist (fog)
Cont.
- Research is continuing, in particular as to -
the effectiveness of mist in a large machinery
space.
- Water mist is accepted as a fire -
extinguishing agent, with respect to SOLAS
fire protection requirements
 CHAPTER THREE
Application for sprinkler system
Example for sprinkler system:-
Applied on Anile floating hotel
(NILE DOLPHINE)
 Pipe Dimensions:
No, of Sprinkler Pipe DN in mm
1 Sprinkler 15 (1/2")

2 Sprinkler 20 (3/4")

3 Sprinkler 25 (1")

4 Sprinkler 32 (1/1/4")

5 Sprinkler 40 (1/1/2")

6:200 Sprinkler 50 (2")

The sprinkler station
Note: The (ND50 mm) pipe has to be
(60.3 mm) "Outside diameter" at the
flow switch
 General arrangement

Data for general arrangement of sprinkler system

1-Overboard 2-Fire pump 3-Riser 4-Sea chest 5-Tunnel
6-Sprinkler head 7-Section valve 8-Flow switch 9-Lobby 10-Frist deck
11-Second deck 12-Third deck 13-Fourth deck
Sprinkler head spacing
 +ND50
2X
ND65

Fire pump

Frist Deck
 2X
-ND50

ND65
Flow Section
switch valve

Second Deck
 2X +ND50

ND65

Third deck
 2X
-ND50
ND65

Flow Section
switch valve

Fourth Deck
CHAPTER FOUR
Rules and Regulations
We will show the most
Important rules for
sprinkler system
Location of Sprinkler
Pump and Tank
The sprinkler pump and tank are
to be situated in a position
reasonably remote from any
machinery space of category A
and are not to be situated in any
space required to be protected by
the sprinkler system
 Power Sources
There are to be not less than two
sources of power supply for the
sea water pump and automatic
alarm and detection system
Connection with the Fire
Main
The sprinkler system is to have a
connection from the vessel’s fire
main by way of a lockable screw
down non-return valve at the
connection, which will prevent a
backflow from the sprinkler
system to the fire main.
 Spare Parts
- A quantity of spare sprinkler heads is to be provided for all
types and ratings installed on the vessel, as follows

- The number of spare sprinkler heads of any type

need not exceed the total number of heads installed
of that type.
Conclusion:
Now we all proof that sprinkler system is the best
system for firefighting in this field but to give the
best performance of this system we must apply all
its rules.
Fortunately, in the marine field this system doesn't
give it performance because the power source of
the fire pump isn't available all the time or
because of the broken bulb of sprinkler head or
for……etc, All this result in huge disaster Like(
ASLAM 98)
Thank You