Sanitary fittings

Types of Sanitary fittings

•Wash basins
•Taps
•Tubs
•Water closet
•urinals
 Taps
Taps use for water.

THE PILLAR TAPS

• It is used to supply water to basin,
baths, bidets and sink. Combined
hot and cold pillar taps are
available with fixed or swivel
outlet.

THE BIB TAP

• It is used for wall fixing normally
about 150mm above a sanitary
appliance. The ‘suptap’ bib tap
permits a change of washer
without shutting off the water
supply. It is also available in pillar
format.
QUARTER TURN TAP
• It is easy to operate by hand or
elbow there for are suitable for
use by disable and medical
practitioners.
Water closet A flush toilet is a toilet that disposes of human waste by using
water to flush it through a drainpipe to another location.

Different Types Of WC

 N-Floor Mounted
Above-floor Mounted (Pedestal)

Wall Mounted (Cantilever)

URINAL
• A urinal is a specialized toilet for urinating into generally used by males. It has the form of a
container or simply a wall, with drainage and automatic or manual flushing.
• The different types of urinal, for single or multiple users in trough style designs, are intended
to be utilized from a standing position.

Types of Urinals
 WATER URINALS
Waterless Urinals

A trap insert filled with a sealant liquid instead of water.

Valve Valve used to control Water flow

Globe Type Stop

It is used to control the flow of water at high pressure.

Valve
Gate or Siuice Valve
It is used to control the flow of water at low pressure. It offers less resistance than globe type stop.
Float Valve (diaphargam)
It is automatically flow control device
fitted with cisterns to maintain an
appropriate volume of water. This type
is least noisy as there is less friction
between moving part.

Ports Mouth and Croydon

This type of valve have a piston moving
horizontally or vertically respectively
(found in very old installation). Water
outlet mouth be well above the highest
water level to prevent back siphonage
of cisterns. Water into the main supply
nozzle reduces as the pressure increases
.
 TRAPS
• Traps are defined as fittings at the end of soil
pipes of waste pipes to prevent foul gases
coming out of the soil pipe/ waste pipe
TRAPS
Traps are an integral part of a modern
sanitary system, being designed to retain a
small quantity of the waste water from the
discharge of fitting to which they are attached
as a barrier to prevent foul air entering the
building as shown in Figure

Traps should be self-cleaning, that is to say ,

they should be designed so that their walls
are scoured by the discharging water. One of
the advantages of modern traps constructed
of plastic materials is the ease with which
they may be dismantled for cleaning.
Classification of Traps

•Depending upon the shapes the traps are classified as:

•P-Trap
•Q-Trap
•S-Trap
•Above three types of traps are shown in the following figures.
•The depth of a Trap Seal would depend upon the usage of a pipe. The trap seal varies
from 25 to 75 mm deep.
 P, Q and S Traps

P Trap Q Trap S Trap

Trap
P,Q and S Trap
Nahni Trap
Gully Trap
Intercepting Traps
 Advantage of Intercepting Traps
• Foul Gases of larger municipal sewers are
prevented from entering house drainage
system.
• Harmful pathogens are not entered in house
drains.
• Well designed and contructed interceptors can
quickly remove foul matter of house drain to
muncipal sewers.
Loss of Trap Seals If a trap seal loss,
smells from the
sanitary appliances
would enter the
building. Therefore the
• Evaporation
water seal in the trap
• Capillary action
must be maintained
• Momentum under all
• Leakage circumstances.
caused
• Wavering out
• Compression or
back pressure
• Induced siphonage
• Self siphonage
1) Evaporation

When trap is not being used, the rate of water

evaporation depends upon the relative humidity of the
air in the room. The rate is approximately 2.55 mm per
week, so a 25 mm seal would last for 10 week. See Figure
3.6.

Figure 3.6 : Evaporation occur when trap

not being used
2) Capillary attraction
Is another rare occurrence
which happens in ‘S’ trap
when a piece of porous
material being caught over the
bend of a trap absorbs water
and deposits it down the
waste discharge pipe. See
Figure 3.7.
Figure 3.7 : Capillary
attraction
3) Momentum
This is caused by a sudden
discharge of water from a
bucket. Due to velocity water
is discharged and it shoots
around the trap bend and
goes down the waste pipe,
leaving no seal.
4) Leakage
It is caused by a fault in the
trap or plumbing installation
and water on the floor would
be apparent.

5) Wavering out
This is caused by the effect of the
wind which passes over the top of
the ventilation pipe and thus causes
pressure fluctuations. See Figure
3.8.
Figure 3.8 : Wavering out
6) Compression or back pressure
This occurs in high rise buildings. When water is discharged down to
the main discharge stack, air is compressed at the base of the stack. A
waste pipe connected to the stack in the pressure zone may have the
seal of the trap lost by the compressed air forcing out the water.
Detergent foam increases the risk of compression. See Figure 3.9 .
7) Induced siphonage
This is caused by discharge of water from another sanitary
appliance connected to the same discharge pipe. In either a
vertical or horizontal main waste pipe, as water flows down the
pipe and passes the branch pipe connected to it, it draws air from
it, thus creating a partial vacuum and subsequently siphonage of
the trap takes place. See Figure 3.10.
8) Self siphonage
This is caused by
appliances such as wash
basins and other small
appliances, due to their
curved shape, and is
caused by a moving plug
of water in the waste
pipe. A partial vacuum is
created at the outlet of
the trap, thus causing
siphonage action takes
place. See Figure 3.11.
Thank you