A productive language skill:

WRITING SKILL
WRITING GROUP
TEACHING ENGLISH AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE
 Outline
Definition

Supporting Theory

Teaching Technique

Rubric and Microskills

Selecting material
 Definition

Writing is one of the ways in

expressing thought and in
communicating with others
by putting together a piece of
work involving the process of
writing
 Theory of Writing
Current-traditional
writing is rule-governed and the rules transfer across situations and contexts, and
writing is taught through the prescriptive instruction of generalizable skill sets.

Expressivist
Writing is individualistic, and writing is taught by turning students inward to
discover their “authentic” selves and produce “original” writing
(Elbow, 1973 & 1981; Macrorie, 1976; Murray, 1968 & 1969)
Expressivist
writing involves discrete/recognizable processes, it’s taught by studying writers
in situ and then teaching others to navigate the processes these writers
participate in
(Emig, 1971; Flowers & Hayes, 1981)
 Theory of Writing

Social-constructivist

writing is a social act. It’s political and it drives, is influenced by, and circulates
within communities. It is taught by helping students examine the writing
conventions and values in/across discourse communities

Berlin; Bizzell; Harris; Porter)

 Theory of Writing
Process of writing (Urquhart & McIver, 2005) and (Harmer, 2004)

Planning
a state where students are ready to write, to gather information and to decide
the ideas that are going to be developed
Drafting
a process which requires students to develop the idea into complete
sentences or the basic structure of writing
Revising
an important part of the process of writing where the students need to
reconsider or rethink the coherence, word choice, mechanics and organization
Final Version
a process which requires students to recheck the whole elements of the text
before being published
 Teaching Technique
Writing for
learning
Reinforcement
Engage more on the learned grammar
writing
Preparation Prior activity in teaching other language
writing skills
Teach writing in integrated with other
Activity writing
language skills
 Teaching Technique
Writing for
Writing

Providing students with series of

Example
writing stages comprising
Lesson
components of writing
Composing text in group by creating
Story Circle
sentences in turn
Using mind maps to get the ideas for
Mind Map
writing a text
 Teaching Technique

Writing review Providing films or short-video that will

be reviewed by students

Grouping students, then each group must

Running
read the first line of the poem one by one,
dictation finally complete poem.

Harmer, 2001
 Rubric and Microskills

Components of writing (Jacobs, et.

al 2013)
Content Organization

Language Word Choice

Mechanics
 Rubric and Microskills
The Content
Convey links and connections between events and communicate relations such as
main idea, supporting details, new and given information, generalizations, and
exemplification.

The Organization

Use cohesive devices in written discourse

Appropriately accomplish the communicative function of written texts according to form
and purpose

The Vocabulary
Produce an acceptable core of words and use appropriate word order patterns
 Rubric and Microskills
The Language

Use acceptable grammatical systems

Distinguish between literal and implied meanings.

 Selecting Material

How to select appropriate material

Choose interesting topics (observation/interview/questionnaire, etc.)

Create interest in the topics (class discussion).

Activate schemata (giving examples from a newspaper, brainstorming, etc.)
Vary topics and genre.

Harmer, Jeremy. The Practice of English

Language Teaching. Cambridge:
Longman)